本文選題：近景攝影測量　切入點：線陣CCD　出處：《中國科學技術大學》2010年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： “大天區(qū)面積多目標光纖光譜望遠鏡(Large Sky Area Mulit-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, LAMOST)"是我國的一項重大科學工程項目,在其直徑1.75米的焦面板上,布置有4000根光纖。LAMOST觀測時,望遠鏡光學系統(tǒng)使天體目標成像在焦面上,然后光纖定位系統(tǒng)控制4000根光纖與這些天體的像對準而獲取它們的光譜。由于存在控制、機械加工、安裝、工作環(huán)境改變等引起的誤差,如果光纖定位系統(tǒng)是開環(huán)控制,精度不易保證,因此為了修正這些誤差,使LAMOST能夠準確運轉(zhuǎn),必須要對光纖在焦面上的位置進行精密檢測。 LAMOST光纖位置檢測有如下要求：大視場、多離散目標、高精度、快速、非接觸,幾乎囊括了所有的高檢測標準。在常規(guī)的位置測量方法中,近景攝影測量最有可能全部符合這些要求,因此本文對近景攝影測量在光纖位置檢測中的應用進行了詳細研究。 攝影測量有基于線陣CCD和面陣CCD的兩種可選設備,針對各自優(yōu)缺點,本文提出了多線陣CCD的掃描檢測方案和面陣CCD像機的分區(qū)檢測方案,并對這兩種方案都從原理和方法上進行了細致的探討。 論文的主要內(nèi)容包括： 1.設計并研制了一套由3個線陣CCD組成的光纖位置試驗檢測系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)檢測靜止光纖坐標的誤差為±0.9μm(2σ),具有很好的穩(wěn)定性。 2.實現(xiàn)了線陣CCD試驗檢測系統(tǒng)對動態(tài)光纖的位置測量。對線陣CCD姿態(tài)標定、轉(zhuǎn)換拼接和參數(shù)優(yōu)化后,實驗顯示,該系統(tǒng)檢測光纖之間距離的誤差只有±5μm(2σ),具有較高的精度。但高檢測精度需要復雜的標定和優(yōu)化,該過程需要大范圍高密度的標定光纖。 3.建立了光斑定位算法(光重心法)的誤差分析模型,結(jié)合實驗研究,提出了一個最佳的檢測條件,在該條件下,光重心法的精度達到0.04像素,并以光重心法的精度為依據(jù)確立檢測子區(qū)域的大小。 4.提出一種改進的光束法平差自標定方法,實現(xiàn)面陣CCD像機的在線高精度標定。實驗結(jié)果顯示,該標定方法只需要數(shù)量很少的控制點就能夠獲得與多控制點的傳統(tǒng)標定方法相當?shù)木取?本文對線陣CCD方案的研究結(jié)果是,該方案具有較高的理論檢測精度,若要在LAMOST現(xiàn)場應用,不僅需要大范圍高密度的標定光纖,而且對系統(tǒng)硬件的性能和精度都有很高要求,以目前技術手段難以實現(xiàn)。 本文研究并解決了面陣CCD方案中的幾個關鍵問題,保證了面陣CCD方案從實驗室論證順利移植到LAMOST現(xiàn)場應用。
[Abstract]:Large Sky Area Mulit-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescopes (LAMOST) is an important scientific engineering project in China. The telescope's optical system imagines celestial objects on the focal plane, and then the optical fiber positioning system controls 4,000 optical fibers to align with the images of these objects to obtain their spectra. If the optical fiber positioning system is open-loop control, the precision is not easy to guarantee, so in order to correct these errors and make LAMOST work accurately, it is necessary to accurately detect the position of optical fiber on the focal plane. LAMOST fiber position detection has the following requirements: large field of view, multiple discrete targets, high accuracy, fast, non-contact, almost all high detection standards. Close-range photogrammetry is most likely to meet these requirements, so the application of close-range photogrammetry in optical fiber position detection is studied in detail in this paper. There are two kinds of optional equipments for photogrammetry based on linear CCD and plane array CCD. In view of their respective advantages and disadvantages, this paper puts forward the scanning detection scheme of multi-linear CCD and the area detection scheme of area array CCD camera. The principle and method of the two schemes are discussed in detail. The main contents of the thesis include:. 1. An optical fiber position testing system composed of three linear CCD is designed and developed. The error of measuring static fiber coordinates is 鹵0.9 渭 m ~ 2 蟽 ~ (-1), which has good stability. 2. The position measurement of dynamic optical fiber by linear CCD test system is realized. After calibrating the attitude of linear array CCD, converting splicing and optimizing parameters, the experimental results show that, The error of measuring the distance between optical fibers is only 鹵5 渭 m ~ 2 蟽 ~ (-1), which has a high precision, but the high detection precision needs complex calibration and optimization, and the process requires a large range and high density of calibrated fiber. 3. The error analysis model of spot location algorithm (light center of gravity method) is established, and an optimal detection condition is put forward based on the experimental research. Under this condition, the accuracy of the optical center of gravity method reaches 0.04 pixels. Based on the accuracy of the light center of gravity method, the size of the detection sub-region is established. 4. An improved self-calibration method of beam adjustment is proposed to realize the on-line high-precision calibration of CCD camera. The experimental results show that, The calibration method requires only a small number of control points to achieve a precision comparable to the traditional calibration method for multiple control points. The research results of the linear CCD scheme in this paper show that the scheme has high theoretical detection accuracy. In order to be applied in LAMOST field, it not only needs a wide range of high-density calibrated optical fibers, but also requires high performance and precision of the system hardware. It is difficult to achieve with the present technical means. In this paper, several key problems in the area array CCD scheme are studied and solved to ensure the smooth transplantation of the plane array CCD scheme from the laboratory demonstration to the LAMOST field application.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TH751

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 熊鐘虎;基于ZigBee的智能電源監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設計[D];中國科學技術大學;2014年

，

本文編號：1630628