本文關鍵詞：黑洞溫度修正與黑洞壽命的研究　出處：《廣州大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 黑洞 霍金輻射 量子隧穿 溫度修正 黑洞壽命

【摘要】：黑洞的霍金輻射是理論物理學科的一個重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，它是廣義相對論、量子力學以及熱力學的結合產物。1970年霍金突破性的提出面積定理，指出黑洞的表面積隨著時間的推移只會增大而不會減小。1972年貝肯斯坦提出，黑洞是一個熱力學系統(tǒng)，黑洞的表面積就是黑洞的熵，因此黑洞的視界表面積與黑洞的熵成正比[1]。1974年霍金利用彎曲時空的量子場論，從理論上證明黑洞具有熱輻射，即著名的霍金輻射，并給出了黑洞的溫度。霍金的發(fā)現(xiàn)進一步證實了黑洞并不是一個死了的恒星，它正在演化，是一個熱力學系統(tǒng)[2]。 對黑洞熵的研究是理論物理學界感興趣的課題之一。為了討論其統(tǒng)計起源，1985年，t‘Hooft提出了計算黑洞熵的磚墻模型[3-8]，2000年，北京師范大學引力組提出了改進的磚墻模型[9,10]---薄層模型[11,14]。這種模型推斷黑洞熵來自視界面附近一個薄層的量子場的貢獻。無論是磚墻模型還是改進的薄層模型，都認為黑洞熵正比于黑洞視界面積。最近的研究表明，考慮到視界附近的量子效應，黑洞熵應增加兩個高階修正項[15,17]，利用修正之后的黑洞熵公式就可以對黑洞的溫度進行修正，并且在修正黑洞溫度的情況下可以利用斯特藩-玻爾茲曼定律重新計算黑洞壽命。利用黑洞熵的高階修正還可以討論由此而產生的一系列相關問題。 本文在總結了碩士研究生階段的研究工作，即在利用黑洞熵量子修正的前提條件下，對黑洞溫度以及黑洞壽命變化進行了修正性的推導計算。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑洞蒸發(fā)到普朗克質量時，溫度將出現(xiàn)無限大，再減小質量時將出現(xiàn)負溫，此時黑洞熵也將出現(xiàn)極小值。本文共分三章，，其具體內容包括： 第一章簡要介紹了黑洞研究的歷史以及霍金輻射機制的由來以及研究背景，并介紹了量子隧穿的幾種模型的理論基礎以及其發(fā)展歷史。 第二章在黑洞熵具有量子修正的情況下，對黑洞溫度進行更加精確的修正，并對由此引起的黑洞壽命變化做了重新計算。另外還討論了在黑洞質量變化時，相對應的黑洞溫度以及黑洞熱容的變化趨勢。 第三章對本文的工作進行總結和展望，并提出了今后工作的相關設想。
[Abstract]:Hawking radiation from black holes is an important discovery in theoretical physics. It is a combination of general relativity quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. In 1970 Hawking put forward a breakthrough area theorem. It is pointed out that the surface area of black hole will only increase but not decrease with time. In 1972, Beckenstein proposed that black hole is a thermodynamic system, and the surface area of black hole is the entropy of black hole. Therefore, the surface area of the event horizon of the black hole is proportional to the entropy of the black hole. [In 1974 Hawking made use of the quantum field theory of curved spacetime to prove theoretically that a black hole has heat radiation known as Hawking radiation. And the temperature of the black hole is given. Hawking's discovery further proves that the black hole is not a dead star, it is evolving, it is a thermodynamic system. [2]. The study of black hole entropy is one of the topics of interest to theoretical physics. In 1985, in order to discuss its statistical origin, Hooft proposed a brick wall model for calculating black hole entropy. [In 2000, the Gravity Group of Beijing normal University proposed an improved brick wall model. [9 ~ 10] -Thin-layer model. [The model inferred that the black hole entropy was contributed by a quantum field of a thin layer near the visual interface, whether it was a brick wall model or an improved thin layer model. It is believed that the entropy of black hole is proportional to the area of event horizon. Recent studies have shown that considering the quantum effect near the event horizon, the entropy of black hole should be increased by two higher-order correction terms. [By using the modified black hole entropy formula, the temperature of the black hole can be corrected. Furthermore, the black hole lifetime can be recalculated by using Staffan-Boltzmann 's law when the temperature of the black hole is corrected, and a series of related problems can be discussed by using the higher-order correction of the black hole entropy. In this paper, we summarize the research work of the master's degree, that is, under the precondition of using the black hole entropy quantum correction, we calculate the black hole temperature and the black hole lifetime change. When the black hole evaporates to Planck mass, the temperature will be infinite, and then the mass will be negative, and the black hole entropy will be minimized. This paper is divided into three chapters, the specific contents of which are as follows: The first chapter briefly introduces the history of black hole research, the origin and background of Hawking radiation mechanism, and introduces the theoretical basis and development history of several models of quantum tunneling. In the second chapter, when the entropy of black hole has quantum correction, the temperature of black hole is corrected more accurately, and the black hole lifetime change caused by it is recalculated. In addition, when the mass of black hole changes, we also discuss the change of black hole mass. The corresponding change trend of black hole temperature and black hole heat capacity. The third chapter summarizes and prospects the work of this paper, and puts forward some related ideas for future work.
【學位授予單位】：廣州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P145.8

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 趙崢,桂元星;四維穩(wěn)態(tài)偽黎曼時空中的Hawking輻射[J];Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics;1983年02期

2 趙崢;四維靜態(tài)黎曼時空中的Hawking輻射[J];物理學報;1981年11期

本文編號：1440561