本文選題：熱軋帶鋼　切入點(diǎn)：自由程序軋制　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：進(jìn)入工業(yè)社會(huì)以來,鋼鐵一直是人類最重要的基礎(chǔ)原材料。目前,中國鋼鐵銷售額約占全國GDP的8%,年產(chǎn)量約占全球總產(chǎn)量的50%,是我國最重要的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。但是,當(dāng)前鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的利潤微薄,降低制造成本成為鋼鐵企業(yè)生死存亡的關(guān)鍵所在。與此同時(shí),用戶需求越來越多樣化,對產(chǎn)品品種、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量的要求也越來越嚴(yán)。于是,能同時(shí)滿足低成本和多樣化要求的柔性化生產(chǎn)模式,成為鋼鐵企業(yè)的必然選擇。在這種背景下,自由程序軋制技術(shù)(Schedule-Free Rolling, SFR)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。SFR是帶鋼熱軋中實(shí)現(xiàn)柔性生產(chǎn)組織的有效途徑,它是指在一個(gè)換輥周期內(nèi),鋼種、厚度、寬度幾乎可以不受限制地自由過渡的軋制技術(shù),能有效提高生產(chǎn)組織的自由度、降低生產(chǎn)成本。但是,受制于硬件設(shè)備條件和優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)等因素,SFR目前在國內(nèi)并未得到普遍推廣。近年,隨著熱軋?jiān)O(shè)備不斷進(jìn)步,國內(nèi)部分熱軋生產(chǎn)線開始具備實(shí)施SFR的設(shè)備條件,但優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)的缺失反而成為制約SFR實(shí)施的瓶頸。SFR優(yōu)化控制技術(shù)的困難在于：一是過程建模復(fù)雜：優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的精度要求為微米級(jí),且受到軋制規(guī)格、工藝參數(shù)、設(shè)備狀態(tài)等眾多因素的影響；二是優(yōu)化算法困難,SFR問題是多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化問題,計(jì)算過程非常復(fù)雜、耗時(shí)較長,難以用于實(shí)時(shí)控制。近年來,隨著計(jì)算機(jī)性能的不斷提升,使得對SFR的綜合優(yōu)化成為可能。結(jié)合寶鋼1880熱軋?jiān)赟FR實(shí)施過程中存在的問題,本文進(jìn)行了軋輥橫移與負(fù)荷分配的建模與優(yōu)化研究。通過研發(fā)SFR優(yōu)化控制技術(shù),克服軋制過程中不斷增長變化的局部不均勻軋輥磨損與熱凸度,保持精軋過程的軋制穩(wěn)定性。主要研究內(nèi)容及進(jìn)展如下：1、在對軋輥磨損影響因素進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,采用“切片法”,建立考慮橫移影響的軋輥磨損模型。采用逐步累計(jì)一疊加方法,對一個(gè)換輥周期內(nèi)的軋輥磨損進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)施軋輥橫移后,軋輥磨損在帶鋼寬度方向趨于均勻,消除了軋件邊端部的局部嚴(yán)重磨損造成的貓耳現(xiàn)象,有利于實(shí)施自由程序軋制。2、通過對軋輥溫度場的數(shù)值模擬,建立高精度的軋輥熱變形模型�？紤]軋輥橫移對軋輥熱凸度的影響,提出模擬軋輥溫度場PR格式的差分方法,指出軋件對軋輥溫度場的影響存在“淺層效應(yīng)”。對一個(gè)換輥周期內(nèi)的軋輥熱變形進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)施軋輥橫移后,軋輥熱膨脹的范圍向輥身邊部區(qū)域擴(kuò)展,起到分散熱凸度作用,使熱輥型曲線更為光滑平緩。3、提出軋輥橫移策略的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法。開發(fā)基于分解的多目標(biāo)差分進(jìn)化算法(MODE/D),它使用差分進(jìn)化算法代替遺傳算法作為搜索引擎；提出變行程橫移策略及其遞推算法,通過橫移步長、橫移行程等決策變量來控制橫移策略；通過數(shù)值模擬,分析橫移策略對軋輥綜合輥型的影響,給出兩個(gè)平滑指標(biāo),用來評價(jià)橫移對軋件接觸部位輥縫形狀的影響,以軋制計(jì)劃帶鋼的平均邊部平滑指標(biāo)、平均中部平滑指標(biāo)為目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立橫移策略的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出交叉軋制橫移策略的兩階段優(yōu)化法。4、提出精軋負(fù)荷分配的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法。開發(fā)高精度軋制力與軋制力矩的一體化模型,為負(fù)荷分配計(jì)算提供力能參數(shù)；提出軋制力模式負(fù)荷分配的CLAD算法,用于在線實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)荷分配計(jì)算；提出確定負(fù)荷分配系數(shù)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,考慮能耗最小、負(fù)荷均衡和板形良好等優(yōu)化目標(biāo),分析了不同目標(biāo)間的矛盾關(guān)系。本文的研究內(nèi)容,為軋輥橫移策略與精軋負(fù)荷分配的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù),同時(shí)面向自由程序軋制的在線控制,具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。相關(guān)成果應(yīng)用到寶鋼1880熱連軋機(jī)組,大幅度拓展產(chǎn)線的自由軋制能力,同寬軋制長度從30km提高到60kmm,集批軋制總長度從70公里提高到100公里,實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜、難軋產(chǎn)品在大生產(chǎn)條件下的自由軋制。
[Abstract]:Since entering the industrial society, human based steel has always been the most important raw material. At present, Chinese steel sales accounted for about 8% of GDP, the annual output accounts for about 50% of the world's total output, is one of the most important pillar industry in China. However, the meager profits of the current steel production, reduce the manufacturing cost has become the key to steel the enterprise of vital importance. At the same time, more and more diversified customer needs, specifications of product variety, quality requirements are increasingly strict. So, the flexible production mode can meet the requirement of low cost and versatility, has become the inevitable choice of the iron and steel enterprises. In this context, schedule free rolling technology (Schedule-Free Rolling SFR) the.SFR came into being is a effective way to realize the flexible production organization of hot strip rolling, it refers to a roll changing period, steel grade, thickness, width is almost unrestricted free transition The rolling technology, can effectively improve the production organization degree of freedom, reduce the production cost. However, limited by hardware equipment and optimal control technology and other factors, SFR currently has not been popularized in China. In recent years, with the continuous progress of hot rolling equipment, the domestic part of the hot production line started with the implementation of SFR equipment, but optimization lack of control technology has been the bottleneck of the SFR implementation of the bottleneck of.SFR optimization control technology is difficult: it is a complex process modeling: optimization accuracy requirements for micron level, and by the rolling specifications, process parameters, many factors affecting the equipment state; two is to optimize the algorithm difficult SFR problem is a multi-objective optimization problem and the calculation process is very complex, time-consuming and difficult for real-time control. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of computer performance, the integrated optimization of SFR with possible. Baosteel 1880 hot problems in the implementation process in SFR, this paper carried out research on Modeling and optimization of roll shifting and load distribution. Through the research of SFR optimization control technology, overcome the growing changes in the rolling process of uneven roll wear and thermal crown, maintain the stability of rolling rolling process. The main research contents and progress are as follows 1, based on detailed analysis of influencing factors on roll wear, with "slice method", the establishment of roll wear model considering the influence. By gradually shifting the cumulative superposition, for a change in the period of roll roll wear is analyzed and found that the implementation of roll shifting, roll wear becomes even in strip the width of the edge and eliminate the ears at the end of the phenomenon of local severe wear caused, is conducive to the implementation of SFR.2, through the simulation of roll temperature field value, The establishment of high precision roll thermal deformation model. Considering the influence of roll shifting on the roll thermal crown, is proposed to simulate the temperature field of roller PR format difference method, pointed out the influence of workpiece on the temperature field of roller are "shallow effect. A change of thermal roll period deformation numerical simulation, carried out roll shifting, the thermal expansion of the scope of the roll to roll around the region, have dispersed thermal crown, the heat roller type curve is more smooth and flat.3, puts forward a multi-objective optimization approach for roll shifting strategy. The development of multi target decomposition based on differential evolution algorithm (MODE/D), which uses differential evolution the algorithm instead of genetic algorithm as the search engine; the variable stroke shifting strategy and its recursive algorithm, by traversing step, traversing stroke as decision variables to control the shifting strategy; through numerical simulation, analysis of comprehensive roll shifting strategy Influence of roll, given two smooth index used to evaluate the effect of the sliding contact part of the roll gap shape, with average edge smoothing index of strip rolling plan, the average central smoothing criterion as the objective function, a multi-objective optimization model for rollshifting strategy. On this basis, put forward.4 two phase optimization method of intersection roll shifting strategy, put forward the multi-objective optimization method of load distribution. The integration model of rolling development of high precision of rolling force and torque, provide mechanical parameters for load distribution calculation of rolling force model; CLAD algorithm is used to realize the load distribution, load distribution line calculation; multi-objective optimization model is proposed to determine the load distribution coefficient. Considering the minimum energy consumption, load balancing and good shape optimization goal, analyzes the contradictory relationship between the different objectives. The research content of this paper, for the roll shifting strategy and finishing To provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of load distribution, online control at the same time for schedule free rolling, have very strong practicability. The relevant results are applied to Baosteel 1880 hot rolling mill, free rolling ability greatly expand the production line, with the width of the rolling length increased from 30km to 60kmm, set a total length of 70 kilometers from the number of rolling up to 100 kilometers, the realization of complex, difficult to rolled products under the condition of mass production of free rolling.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TG335

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本文編號(hào)：1586013