發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-22 20:19

【摘要】：利用機(jī)械進(jìn)行采油和依靠自噴采油是原油開(kāi)采的兩種基本方法。游梁式抽油機(jī)是機(jī)械采油方法中應(yīng)用的最廣泛的抽油設(shè)備,其數(shù)量占到采油提升設(shè)備80%以上。它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、可靠性高、維修方便、使用壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)。但是,游梁式抽油機(jī)在工作過(guò)程中常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不平衡的問(wèn)題,其電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器、以及四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)等壽命的降低就是由不平衡導(dǎo)致的,甚至?xí)铀俪橛蜅U的斷裂。因此,在游梁式抽油機(jī)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中必須解決抽油機(jī)的不平衡問(wèn)題。目前抽油機(jī)平衡調(diào)節(jié)主要方式是采用抽油機(jī)在停機(jī)狀態(tài)下油田工人手動(dòng)調(diào)平衡,因平衡塊很重,有時(shí)還需借助吊車(chē)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié),這種方式顯然存在著抽油機(jī)平衡不能及時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)、調(diào)節(jié)效率不高、調(diào)節(jié)速度慢等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本文以抽油機(jī)平衡理論為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)12型游梁式抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)做了以下方面的研究:(1)通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研可知,國(guó)內(nèi)外研究人員所研究出現(xiàn)有的各式新型調(diào)平衡裝置典型的有:隨動(dòng)平衡、增加超越離合器、飛輪動(dòng)能平衡、電機(jī)加滾珠絲杠自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)平衡等。(2)通過(guò)熟悉抽油機(jī)自動(dòng)平衡的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和工作原理,確定出抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置設(shè)計(jì)方案,利用絲杠、錐齒輪、齒輪齒環(huán)等機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡塊在曲柄上的直線移動(dòng)。(3)根據(jù)抽油機(jī)的實(shí)際工況,以抽油機(jī)平衡理論為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算出自動(dòng)調(diào)平衡裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并完成該裝置的裝配圖。(4)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)方案,對(duì)調(diào)平衡裝置重要零部件進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核和剛度計(jì)算。(5)利用PLC(可編程控制器)以及傳感器等控制元件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)裝置的自動(dòng)控制。通過(guò)上述的分析,設(shè)計(jì)出兩種調(diào)節(jié)裝置都能實(shí)現(xiàn)曲柄平衡自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。方案1裝置具有的特點(diǎn)是整個(gè)曲柄平衡自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)消耗的時(shí)間短,效率高,不需要人工操作,抽油機(jī)可以在不停機(jī)的時(shí)候調(diào)節(jié)平衡,這樣抽油機(jī)的生產(chǎn)效率提高了,產(chǎn)量增加,整個(gè)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,易實(shí)現(xiàn)。但調(diào)節(jié)平衡時(shí)只能當(dāng)曲柄平衡塊運(yùn)動(dòng)到一定的角度范圍內(nèi)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié),不能在曲柄平衡塊轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的任意角度調(diào)節(jié)。在抽油機(jī)的一個(gè)沖程內(nèi)只能調(diào)節(jié)一次,經(jīng)多個(gè)沖程的調(diào)節(jié)即可達(dá)到平衡調(diào)節(jié)要求。方案2裝置具有的特點(diǎn)是該裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,易于實(shí)現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)的過(guò)程較短,可以在曲柄平衡塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的任意角度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),其調(diào)節(jié)消耗的時(shí)間比方案1的時(shí)間要短,但需要外接電源進(jìn)行供能才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Mechanical oil recovery and self-injection oil recovery are two basic methods of crude oil production. Beam pumping unit is the most widely used pumping equipment in mechanical oil recovery method, which accounts for more than 80% of the oil production lifting equipment. It has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high reliability, convenient maintenance and long service life. However, the unbalanced problem often occurs in the working process of the beam pumping unit. The decrease of the life of the motor, reducer and four-bar mechanism is caused by the imbalance, and even accelerates the fracture of the sucker rod. Therefore, the imbalance of pumping unit must be solved in the operation process of beam pumping unit. At present, the main way of balance adjustment of pumping unit is to use pumping unit to adjust balance manually under the condition of shutdown. Because the balance block is very heavy, sometimes it is necessary to use crane to adjust. Obviously, there are some problems in this way, such as the balance of pumping unit can not be adjusted in time, the adjustment efficiency is not high, the adjustment speed is slow and so on. In order to solve the above problems, based on the balance theory of pumping unit, the automatic adjustment of crank balance of type 12 beam pumping unit is studied in the following aspects: (1) through literature research, it can be seen that Researchers at home and abroad have developed various new types of balance regulating devices, which are typical of following dynamic balance, increasing overrunning clutch, and balancing the dynamic energy of flywheel. The motor plus ball screw automatically adjusts the balance, etc. (2) by familiar with the structure form and working principle of the automatic balance of the pumping unit, the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined, and the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined by using the screw and bevel gear, Gear ring and other mechanisms to realize the straight line movement of the balance block on the crank. (3) according to the actual working conditions of the pumping unit, based on the balance theory of the pumping unit, the structural parameters of the automatic balance adjusting device are calculated. And complete the assembly drawing of the device. (4) according to the design scheme, The strength check and stiffness calculation of the important parts of the balance adjusting device are carried out. (5) the automatic control of the regulating device is realized by using PLC (programmable controller) and sensor and other control elements. Through the above analysis, two kinds of regulating devices are designed to realize the automatic adjustment of crank balance. The characteristic of the scheme 1 device is that the whole crank balance automatically adjusts the consumption time is short, the efficiency is high, does not need the manual operation, the pumping unit can adjust the balance when does not stop, thus the production efficiency of the pumping unit increases, the output increases, The whole device is simple in structure and easy to realize. However, when adjusting the balance, it can only be adjusted when the crank balance block moves to a certain angle, and can not be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block rotation. It can only be adjusted once in one stroke of the pumping unit, and the balance adjustment can be achieved by adjusting multiple strokes. The characteristic of the scheme 2 device is that the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, short adjustment process, and can be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block motion, and the time consumed by the adjustment is shorter than that of the scheme 1. However, it needs external power supply in order to achieve it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE933.1

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 呂雅平;郭風(fēng);;非對(duì)稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)曲柄的改造設(shè)計(jì)[J];石油機(jī)械;2011年11期

2 譚云,何富君,呂雅平;漸開(kāi)線節(jié)能抽油機(jī)曲柄設(shè)計(jì)與研究[J];石油機(jī)械;2005年08期

3 明路;饒建華;;抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡可視化系統(tǒng)[J];石油機(jī)械;2008年02期

4 嚴(yán)輝容;唐俊;朱超;;游梁式抽油機(jī)曲柄的維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)[J];油氣田地面工程;2014年05期

5 董增福,馮鈞;抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡半徑的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題[J];黑龍江大學(xué)自然科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);1989年03期

6 黃伯棠;游梁式抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡控制簡(jiǎn)易算法[J];長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自科版);2004年Z1期

7 蘇安平,茹軍,仇寒;常規(guī)游梁抽油機(jī)曲柄動(dòng)態(tài)平衡方式探討[J];石油礦場(chǎng)機(jī)械;2002年02期

8 劉崇鑫;定相曲柄平衡后置式抽油機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及尺寸計(jì)算[J];石油機(jī)械;1986年04期

9 侯宗;關(guān)于曲柄平衡游梁式抽油機(jī)平衡問(wèn)題[J];石油機(jī)械;1997年06期

10 朱紹曾;;前置式游梁抽油機(jī)的平衡[J];石油礦場(chǎng)機(jī)械;1983年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李小華;12型游梁抽油機(jī)曲柄平衡自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與分析[D];西南石油大學(xué);2017年

，

本文編號(hào)：2483225