【摘要】：放空系統(tǒng)作為天然氣管道和集輸站場安全設施的重要組成部分,對保障天然氣安全生產(chǎn)和利用起著泄放系統(tǒng)壓力、減小事故后果的作用。目前我國標準規(guī)范中對于天然氣站場和管道放空管的設置均是參照美國行業(yè)規(guī)范標準制定,但我國基本情況與美國差異較大,且我國在引用API RP521的放空管設計方法時并不清楚其方法理論來源。論文同時考慮天然氣管道放空管設計投資和放空風險兩方面因素,提出了放空管的設計方法,對今后完善我國放空管設計標準具有一定借鑒意義。 本文主要完成了以下幾個方面的工作： (1)調(diào)研國內(nèi)外放空管設計方法現(xiàn)狀,分析放空管設計的影響因素與進展,為天然氣管道放空管設計方法研究提供理論基礎。 (2)基于流體力學基本理論,對放空管道進行水力分析,得到放空管放空時氣體流動的水力特性,并確定天然氣站場和管道放空系統(tǒng)的放空量和放空時間,為放空管的設計從理論上提供科學依據(jù)。 (3)通過將放空管放空天然氣產(chǎn)生的風險轉(zhuǎn)化為以經(jīng)濟考量,將放空管的風險分析和成本效益分析結(jié)合在一起建立基于放空管風險性與成本效益的天然氣管道放空管設計計算模型,求解模型得到不同地區(qū)等級下放空管最優(yōu)高度設計計算式,并與現(xiàn)有放空管設計方法進行分析對比,結(jié)果表明,采用本研究方法設計的放空管高度更低,投資更小。 (4)針對含硫天然氣管道,其放空管設計方法與常規(guī)天然氣管道放空管設計方法相同,通過分析對比兩種放空方式的風險,結(jié)果表明,含硫天然氣更適合使用點火放空,并確定了與含硫天然氣相關(guān)的系數(shù),得到不同地區(qū)等級下含硫天然氣管道放空管最優(yōu)高度計算式。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the safety facilities of natural gas pipelines and gathering and transportation stations, the emptying system plays an important role in ensuring the safe production and utilization of natural gas and reducing the pressure of the system and reducing the consequences of the accident. At present, the setting of natural gas station and pipeline vent pipe in the standard code of our country is formulated with reference to the standard of American industry, but the basic situation of our country is quite different from that of the United States. Moreover, when the design method of API RP521 is used in China, the theoretical source of the method is not clear. At the same time, considering the investment and risk of natural gas pipeline vent pipe design, this paper puts forward the design method of natural gas pipeline vent pipe, which has certain reference significance for perfecting the design standard of natural gas pipeline vent pipe in the future. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) to investigate the present situation of the design method of the vent pipe at home and abroad, to analyze the influencing factors and progress of the design of the vent pipe, and to provide a theoretical basis for the research of the design method of the drainage pipe of natural gas pipeline. (2) based on the basic theory of fluid mechanics, the hydraulic analysis of the emptied pipeline is carried out, and the hydraulic characteristics of the gas flow during the emptying of the emptied pipe are obtained, and the emptying quantity and time of the natural gas station and pipeline emptying system are determined. It provides a scientific basis for the design of air release control in theory. (3) by translating the risks arising from the emptying of natural gas into economic considerations, Combining the risk analysis and cost-benefit analysis of the vent pipe, the design and calculation model of the natural gas pipeline drainage pipe based on the risk and cost-benefit of the vent pipe is established. The optimal height design formulas of decentralized air traffic control in different regions are obtained by solving the model, and the results are analyzed and compared with the existing design methods of air traffic control. The results show that the height of discharge control designed by this research method is lower and the investment is smaller. (4) for the sulfur-bearing natural gas pipeline, the design method of the vent pipe is the same as that of the conventional natural gas pipeline. By analyzing and comparing the risks of the two emptying modes, the results show that the sulfur-containing natural gas is more suitable for ignition and emptying. The coefficients related to sulfur-bearing natural gas are determined, and the formula for calculating the optimal height of sulfur-bearing natural gas pipeline vent pipe under different regional grades is obtained.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.1

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