發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-08 09:21

【摘要】：管道運(yùn)輸是用管道作為運(yùn)輸工具的一種長(zhǎng)距離輸送液體和氣體物資的輸送方式。它不僅運(yùn)輸量大、連續(xù)、迅速、安全、平穩(wěn),而且投資少、占地少、費(fèi)用低。天然氣作為一種清潔能源具有密度小、體積大,可壓縮的特點(diǎn),因而管道輸送幾乎成了天然氣遠(yuǎn)距離輸送的唯一方式。長(zhǎng)距離輸氣管道線路長(zhǎng),穿越地區(qū)人煙稀少,環(huán)境惡劣,為了保證管道的安全運(yùn)營(yíng),提高天然氣的輸送效率,需要對(duì)長(zhǎng)輸管道實(shí)行自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理。本文針對(duì)長(zhǎng)輸管道穿越區(qū)域廣、涉及線路長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)管道的安全自動(dòng)高效運(yùn)營(yíng),設(shè)計(jì)了適用于長(zhǎng)輸管道的自控系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)管道的集中控制。本文主要進(jìn)行了以下工作：一、構(gòu)建了穩(wěn)定的系統(tǒng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本工程通信系統(tǒng)采用一主一備結(jié)構(gòu),主通訊方式建設(shè)專用的光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò),備用通訊方式以利用公網(wǎng)為主,在公網(wǎng)覆蓋不到的區(qū)域,利用專用衛(wèi)星信道進(jìn)行通信。二、根據(jù)站場(chǎng)的工藝要求,針對(duì)典型站場(chǎng)重點(diǎn)工藝區(qū)進(jìn)行了控制方案的設(shè)計(jì),由于長(zhǎng)輸管道大部分站場(chǎng)為合建站場(chǎng),壓縮機(jī)組需要聯(lián)網(wǎng)運(yùn)行,其載荷分配是壓縮機(jī)控制程序需要面對(duì)的新問(wèn)題,本章提出了壓縮機(jī)組聯(lián)網(wǎng)運(yùn)行載荷分配控制方案,并設(shè)置防喘振系統(tǒng)。三、融入站場(chǎng)安全設(shè)計(jì),提高了長(zhǎng)距離輸氣管道安全運(yùn)營(yíng)效率。站場(chǎng)安全設(shè)計(jì)包括緊急停車系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和放空系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。緊急停車系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測(cè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的或者潛伏的危險(xiǎn),發(fā)出警告信息或直接執(zhí)行預(yù)定程序,立即進(jìn)入操作,防止事故的發(fā)生、降低事故帶來(lái)的危害及其影響。放空系統(tǒng)是利用PHAST V6.53軟件來(lái)仿真氣體的擴(kuò)散形式和熱輻射形式,根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)站場(chǎng)和閥室的放空系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation is a long-distance transportation of liquid and gas materials using pipeline as a means of transportation. It is not only large, continuous, rapid, safe, stable, but also less investment, less land, low cost. As a kind of clean energy, natural gas has the characteristics of small density, large volume and compressibility, so pipeline transportation is almost the only way of long distance transportation of natural gas. Long-distance gas pipeline lines are long, there are few people through the area, and the environment is bad. In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and improve the efficiency of natural gas transmission, it is necessary to carry out automatic production and management of the long-distance gas transmission pipeline. In order to realize the safe, automatic and efficient operation of long-distance pipeline, an automatic control system suitable for long-distance pipeline is designed to realize the centralized control of long-distance pipeline, aiming at the characteristics of long-distance pipeline traversing a wide area and involving long-distance transmission line. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, a stable system communication network is constructed. The communication system of the project adopts one main standby structure, the main communication mode is to construct a special optical fiber network, and the standby communication mode is based on the public network, and the special satellite channel is used to communicate in the area where the public network can not be covered. Second, according to the technical requirements of the station yard, the control scheme is designed for the key technology area of the typical station yard. Because most of the stations of the long-distance pipeline are co-built stations, the compressors need to be connected to the operation of the network. Its load distribution is a new problem to be faced by compressor control program. In this chapter, a load distribution control scheme for the networked operation of compressor units is proposed, and an anti-surge system is set up. Thirdly, the safety design of station yard improves the safe operation efficiency of long distance gas transmission pipeline. The safety design of station yard includes the design of emergency parking system and the design of emptying system. The emergency parking system can monitor the danger occurring or latent in the production process, issue warning message or directly execute the predetermined procedure, enter the operation immediately, prevent the accident from happening, and reduce the harm caused by the accident and its influence. The emptying system uses PHAST V6.53 software to simulate the form of gas diffusion and thermal radiation. According to the simulation results, the emptying system of station yard and valve chamber is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE978

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