【摘要】：隨著能源和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,具有清潔、高效、熱值高等優(yōu)點的能源越來越受到人們的青睞,天然氣就是這樣一種能源,并且具有豐富的儲量,因此廣泛的應(yīng)用于人們的生產(chǎn)和生活中。與此同時,與天然氣輸送相配套的管道工業(yè)也得到了迅速的發(fā)展。目前,我國管道長度長、穿越范圍廣、易受環(huán)境的影響、且管道自身存在缺陷等因素,導(dǎo)致天然氣管道發(fā)生泄漏繼而引發(fā)火災(zāi)等事故�；馂�(zāi)發(fā)生時產(chǎn)生的熱載荷對管道的正常使用和天然氣的擴散過程有一定的影響。因此研究熱載荷作用下管道泄漏天然氣的擴散情況、泄漏擴散導(dǎo)致的危害后果及管道應(yīng)力應(yīng)變規(guī)律,對管道泄漏事故采取有效的救援措施并提出針對性的防火安全對策有著重要的應(yīng)用價值。本文建立熱載荷作用下天然氣管道泄漏擴散模型,模擬管道泄漏時天然氣的擴散云團(tuán),得到熱載荷作用下天然氣的擴散特性;采用ANSYS有限元軟件建立管道熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析模型,分析了管道熱應(yīng)力的變化規(guī)律,最后對管道泄漏危害后果進(jìn)行了分析。具體的研究內(nèi)容如下:1.基于流體力學(xué)基本理論分析天然氣管道泄漏擴散的流動特性,給出了天然氣管道泄漏量計算公式,建立了氣體流動的基本控制方程組,并討論了天然氣的燃燒機理及噴射火焰形狀的計算方法。2.考慮到管道發(fā)生泄漏時,天然氣擴散燃燒和環(huán)境火災(zāi)條件兩種情況,建立熱載荷作用下天然氣擴散模型,利用已有文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗證了模型的正確性及求解方法的有效性,進(jìn)一步模擬泄漏條件、環(huán)境條件、相鄰距離等因素對天然氣擴散過程的影響。3.針對天然氣管道泄漏后果和傷害準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行基礎(chǔ)理論研究,得到噴射火災(zāi)傷害模型和其解析解,對其危害進(jìn)行定量評價,即本文算例考慮極限破壞時,噴射火熱輻射對周邊建筑物損害半徑接近93m,對人員傷害半徑達(dá)到147m。4.考慮到火災(zāi)輻射和對流換熱會引起管道熱應(yīng)力的變化,在熱應(yīng)力基本理論和有限元軟件分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立考慮溫度效應(yīng)的天然氣管道熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析模型,并與考慮溫度效應(yīng)及內(nèi)壓共同作用下的管道模型分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)僅考慮溫度效應(yīng),泄漏孔徑對各高溫下的最大應(yīng)力影響很小;考慮溫度效應(yīng)和內(nèi)壓共同作用的情況下,管道內(nèi)壓會引起泄漏孔局部應(yīng)力重分布,且應(yīng)變隨內(nèi)壓的增加其增長趨勢近乎呈指數(shù)增長,并得到泄漏孔可能開裂時極限內(nèi)壓的范圍。通過本文的研究,建立了熱載荷作用下天然氣管道泄漏擴散模型和熱-結(jié)構(gòu)耦合分析模型,研究了天然氣擴散特性和管道泄漏危害后果。該研究成果可為天然氣管道事故的檢測維護(hù)和消防安全工作提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of energy and economy, energy with the advantages of cleanliness, high efficiency and high calorific value is more and more popular. Natural gas is such a kind of energy, and has abundant reserves. Therefore, it is widely used in people's production and life. At the same time, the pipeline industry matched with natural gas transportation has also been developed rapidly. At present, the long length of pipeline, wide crossing range, easy to be affected by environment, and the defects of pipeline itself lead to the leakage of natural gas pipeline and lead to fire and other accidents. The thermal load caused by fire has a certain influence on the normal use of pipeline and the diffusion process of natural gas. Therefore, the diffusion of natural gas leakage from pipeline under thermal load, the harmful consequences of leakage and diffusion and the stress-strain law of pipeline are studied. It is of great value to take effective rescue measures for pipeline leakage accidents and put forward targeted fire safety countermeasures. In this paper, the leakage diffusion model of natural gas pipeline under thermal load is established, and the diffusion characteristics of natural gas under thermal load are obtained by simulating the diffusion cloud of natural gas during pipeline leakage. The thermo-structural coupling analysis model of pipeline is established by using ANSYS finite element software. The variation law of thermal stress of pipeline is analyzed. Finally, the harmful effect of pipeline leakage is analyzed. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. Based on the basic theory of fluid mechanics, the flow characteristics of leakage and diffusion in natural gas pipeline are analyzed, the calculation formula of leakage volume of natural gas pipeline is given, and the basic governing equations of gas flow are established. The combustion mechanism of natural gas and the calculation method of jet flame shape are discussed. 2. Considering the condition of natural gas diffusion combustion and environmental fire when pipeline leakage occurs, a natural gas diffusion model under thermal load is established. The validity of the model and the validity of the solution method are verified by using the existing literature data. Further simulation of the leakage conditions, environmental conditions, adjacent distance and other factors on the natural gas diffusion process. 3. Based on the basic theoretical study of natural gas pipeline leakage consequence and damage criterion, the fire damage model and its analytical solution are obtained, and the damage is quantitatively evaluated. That is, when the limit failure is considered in this paper, The damage radius of the surrounding buildings was nearly 93 m and the damage radius to the personnel was 147m.4. Considering that fire radiation and convection heat transfer will cause the variation of thermal stress in pipeline, a thermal-structural coupled analysis model of natural gas pipeline considering temperature effect is established on the basis of the basic theory of thermal stress and finite element software analysis. Compared with the analysis results of pipeline model considering temperature effect and internal pressure, it is found that only considering temperature effect, leakage aperture has little effect on the maximum stress at each high temperature. Considering the effect of temperature and internal pressure, the internal pressure of the pipe will cause the local stress redistribution of the leak hole, and the strain increases exponentially with the increase of the internal pressure, and the range of the limit internal pressure when the leak hole may crack is obtained. Through the research in this paper, the leakage diffusion model and thermal-structural coupling analysis model of natural gas pipeline under thermal load are established, and the characteristics of natural gas diffusion and the harmful consequences of pipeline leakage are studied. The research results can provide basic data and theoretical support for the detection and maintenance of natural gas pipeline accidents and fire safety work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE88

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