【摘要】：頁巖氣全球資源量巨大,具有勘探開發(fā)的潛力。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對于頁巖氣的富集機(jī)理和條件、有利優(yōu)先區(qū)選擇等進(jìn)行了較多的研究,但是對于儲層改造方法和技術(shù)、頁巖氣儲層的可壓裂性研究較少。本文對湘西北牛蹄塘組頁巖氣儲層特征進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究和理論分析,從定性和定量的角度評價其可壓裂性,所開展的工作主要有:(1)開展了湘西北頁巖氣儲層地質(zhì)特征的研究。地質(zhì)踏勘結(jié)果顯示,牛蹄塘組頁巖巖性為黑色炭質(zhì)板巖,粉砂質(zhì)炭質(zhì)板巖,深灰、灰黑色薄層硅質(zhì)巖;通X衍射儀分析了頁巖的礦物組成,結(jié)果表明頁巖脆性礦物含量平均為63.6%,在同類水平中較高,黏土礦物相對較低,平均含量為29.4%,主要以伊利石為主,含少量高嶺石;通過掃描電鏡觀察了湘西北牛蹄塘組頁巖氣儲層的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),分析表明頁巖微裂縫高度發(fā)育,同時含有大量呈蜂窩狀和草莓狀的小孔洞,孔縫系統(tǒng)密度高。(2)開展了湘西北頁巖氣儲層物理力學(xué)特性的研究。物理試驗(yàn)研究表明頁巖的天然密度在2.16g/cm~3~2.46g/cm~3之間、含水率和飽和吸水率平均值分別為0.615%和0.888%;頁巖單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度在78.04MPa~161.23MPa之間,楊氏模量和泊松比平均值分別為31.8GPa和0.23,應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線沒有明顯的塑性變形段和屈服點(diǎn),屬于典型脆性破壞;三軸試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明頁巖在不同圍壓下破壞模式為剪切破壞,應(yīng)力峰值強(qiáng)度在234.429MPa~324.478MPa之間;頁巖在劈裂破壞時,抗拉強(qiáng)度極低在4.10MPa~15.14MPa之間,呈現(xiàn)沿中軸線徑向產(chǎn)生張拉破壞特征。(3)建立了可壓裂性評價模型。論文提出了利用頁巖脆性系數(shù)、脆性礦物含量、黏土礦物含量和粘聚力幾個關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)定量評價湘西北頁巖的可壓裂性,運(yùn)用層次分析法原理計算不同指標(biāo)的權(quán)重系數(shù),并使用極差變換法將參數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化到0~1之間的無量綱常數(shù),基于物理力學(xué)試驗(yàn)提供的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)計算出湘西北頁巖氣儲層可壓裂性系數(shù)為0.5,根據(jù)可壓裂性系數(shù)的分級以及與勝利油田頁巖可壓裂性的對比分析,湘西北頁巖氣儲層的可壓裂性處于中等偏上水平。
[Abstract]:Shale gas is a huge resource in the world and has the potential of exploration and development. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the accumulation mechanism and conditions of shale gas and the selection of favorable priority areas. However, there is little research on the fracturing ability of shale gas reservoirs in terms of reservoir modification methods and techniques. In this paper, the characteristics of shale gas reservoir of Niutetang formation in northwest Hunan are studied and analyzed in theory, and its fracturing ability is evaluated from qualitative and quantitative aspects. The main works are as follows: (1) the geological characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in Northwest Hunan are studied. The geological exploration results show that the shale rocks of Niulitang formation are black carbonaceous slate, silty carbonaceous slate, deep ash and gray black thin layer siliceous rocks. The mineral composition of shale is analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the average content of brittle minerals in shale is 63.6, which is higher in the same level, the clay mineral is relatively low, and the average content is 29.40.Illite is the main content. Contains a small amount of kaolinite; The microstructure of shale gas reservoir of Niutetang formation in northwestern Hunan Province was observed by scanning electron microscope. The analysis shows that the shale microfractures are highly developed and contain a large number of honeycomb and strawberry shaped small pores. The density of porosity and fracture system is high. (2) the physical and mechanical properties of shale gas reservoir in Northwest Hunan are studied. The physical tests show that the natural density of shale is between 2.16g/cm~3~2.46g/cm~3 and the average values of water content and saturated water absorption are 0.615% and 0.888% respectively. The uniaxial compressive strength of shale is between 78.04MPa~161.23MPa, the average values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are 31.8GPa and 0.23, respectively. The stress-strain curve has no obvious plastic deformation section and yield point, so it belongs to typical brittle failure. The results of triaxial tests show that the failure mode of shale under different confining pressures is shear failure and the peak stress intensity is between 234.429MPa~324.478MPa; The tensile strength of shale is very low between 4.10MPa~15.14MPa and fracturing failure. (3) the fracturability evaluation model is established. In this paper, the fracturability of northwest Hunan shale is evaluated quantitatively by using the key indexes of shale brittleness coefficient, brittle mineral content, clay mineral content and cohesive force, and the weight coefficient of different indexes is calculated by using the principle of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Using the range transformation method to standardize the parameters to 0 ~ 1, the fracturing coefficient of shale gas reservoir in northwest Hunan is calculated to be 0.5 based on the basic data provided by physical and mechanical tests. According to the classification of fracturing coefficient and the comparison with the fracturing ability of shale in Shengli Oilfield, the fracturing ability of shale gas reservoir in northwest Hunan is at the middle level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE377

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