【摘要】：目前,我國(guó)大部分油田都處在開采的后期,早期油田依靠人工的生產(chǎn)控制和粗放式的管理模式已嚴(yán)重制約油田的發(fā)展。油井生產(chǎn)的人工調(diào)節(jié)與非優(yōu)化運(yùn)行是油田油井運(yùn)行的普遍狀態(tài)。特別是,在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣、低油價(jià)的背景下更加速了對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)老油田的沖擊。因此國(guó)內(nèi)油田急需對(duì)采油過(guò)程進(jìn)行精細(xì)化管理,優(yōu)化采油控制環(huán)節(jié),從而提高油田經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文針對(duì)大多數(shù)油田采用的有桿泵采油系統(tǒng),基于油井動(dòng)液面的優(yōu)化控制,進(jìn)行了動(dòng)液面的測(cè)量和控制方法研究。首先,研究了合理動(dòng)液面對(duì)油井優(yōu)化運(yùn)行的意義,并分別對(duì)有桿泵采油系統(tǒng)的地面和井下部分運(yùn)行規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。其次,利用數(shù)字化油井測(cè)控平臺(tái),基于示功圖法對(duì)油井動(dòng)液面高度進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)驗(yàn)證。實(shí)現(xiàn)方法是： (1)利用傳感器采集到的油井地面運(yùn)行規(guī)律數(shù)據(jù),獲取地面示功圖；(2)通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)模型轉(zhuǎn)換得到含有井下泵特征的泵功圖,利用凸包算法對(duì)泵功圖進(jìn)行平滑處理,提取其特征值,通過(guò)求取圖形中最大曲率的方法獲得抽油泵的載荷值；(3)利用壓力梯度與泵的載荷計(jì)算得到油井動(dòng)液面高度,并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)修正,以提高測(cè)量準(zhǔn)確度。最后,設(shè)計(jì)了動(dòng)液面系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化控制器,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)抽油機(jī)采油速率的實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)。步驟為：(1)根據(jù)壓力梯度關(guān)系和產(chǎn)液模型建立動(dòng)液面切換系統(tǒng)模型；(2)對(duì)動(dòng)液面切換系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性分析；(3)設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)液面系統(tǒng)切換控制器；(4)采集油井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)并設(shè)置控制器參數(shù),對(duì)控制器進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。本文通過(guò)對(duì)油井動(dòng)液面高度的測(cè)量和控制方法性研究和驗(yàn)證,表明該動(dòng)液面測(cè)控方法在油井優(yōu)化運(yùn)行方面可以起到積極作用,能夠有效的優(yōu)化采油控制環(huán)節(jié),本文的方法可以為油田管理和研究人員提供一個(gè)可以借鑒的方案。
[Abstract]:At present, most oil fields in our country are in the late stage of exploitation, and the early oil fields rely on artificial production control and extensive management mode, which have seriously restricted the development of oil fields. Manual regulation and non-optimal operation of oil well production are the common state of oil well operation. In particular, in the world economic downturn, low oil prices in the context of accelerated impact on the old domestic oil field. Therefore, it is urgent for domestic oil fields to fine manage the oil production process and optimize the oil production control links to improve the economic benefits of the oil fields. In this paper, based on the optimal control of the moving liquid level of the oil well, the measurement and control methods of the moving liquid level are studied for the rod pump oil recovery system used in most oilfields. Firstly, the significance of optimal operation of rational moving fluid to oil well is studied, and the operation law of surface and downhole parts of rod pump oil recovery system is analyzed respectively. Secondly, using the digital oil well measurement and control platform, the dynamic level height of the oil well is measured based on the indicator diagram method, and the field verification is realized. The methods are as follows: (1) the surface indicator diagram is obtained by using the data of the surface running rule of the oil well collected by the sensor; (2) the pump work diagram with downhole pump characteristics is obtained by data model transformation. The pump work graph is smoothed by convex hull algorithm, and the characteristic value is extracted, and the load value of the pump is obtained by the method of obtaining the maximum curvature in the graph. (3) using the pressure gradient and the load of the pump to calculate the level height of the oil well, and to modify the data to improve the accuracy of the measurement. Finally, the optimal controller of the moving liquid level system is designed to realize the real-time regulation of the oil recovery rate of the pumping unit. The steps are as follows: (1) according to the pressure gradient relation and the liquid production model, the dynamic level switching system model is established; (2) the stability analysis of the moving liquid level switching system is carried out; (3) the switching controller of the moving liquid level system is designed. (4) collecting well data and setting controller parameters, the controller is simulated and verified. Through the research and verification of the measurement and control method of the level of moving liquid level in oil wells, it is shown that the method can play a positive role in the optimization operation of oil wells, and can effectively optimize the oil recovery control links. The method in this paper can be used as a reference for oilfield management and researchers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE938;TP273

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本文編號(hào)：2358047