【摘要】：使用修井作業(yè)過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常需要經(jīng)常進(jìn)行起下地錨作業(yè),而完成此項(xiàng)作業(yè)的設(shè)備就是地錨機(jī)。修井作業(yè)過(guò)程中需要井架承受井內(nèi)管柱及鉆具的全部重量,而井架立起來(lái)時(shí)由于底座面積較小,井架高度均在18米以上,高度較高,如果沒(méi)有固定裝置對(duì)井架進(jìn)行固定,井架便會(huì)倒下因此需要用拉線(xiàn)將地錨和地面連接起來(lái),使井架與井口成一定的角度而豎立起來(lái),拉線(xiàn)與地面連接的部件叫地錨。遼河油田所處地區(qū)每年冰凍時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)4個(gè)月,且很多井場(chǎng)都是用大塊石頭墊起,原有地錨機(jī)在冬季不能破碎凍土層,需要人工用風(fēng)鎬破碎凍土層;遇到大塊石頭需要人工進(jìn)行挖掘,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,效率低,基于以上原因研制了破碎地錨機(jī)。該地錨機(jī)依據(jù)東風(fēng)卡車(chē)為載體,采用挖掘機(jī)回轉(zhuǎn)方式,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)地錨鉆頭360度旋轉(zhuǎn),從而擴(kuò)大了施工范圍。本文主要討論了石油修井破碎地錨機(jī)的整體結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求,完成破碎地錨機(jī)的總體方案設(shè)計(jì),確定主要零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸,對(duì)主要零部件進(jìn)行仿真建模及受力分析;并且利用AutoCAD軟件畫(huà)出其主要零部件圖及總裝配圖。最后在機(jī)加工車(chē)間、鉚焊車(chē)間對(duì)其零部件進(jìn)行加工、制造、組裝,對(duì)地錨機(jī)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作進(jìn)行了技術(shù)要求,最后對(duì)該地錨機(jī)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用試驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:In the process of using workover, it is often necessary to carry on the ground anchor operation, and the equipment that completes this work is the ground anchor machine. During the workover operation, the Derrick needs to bear the full weight of the pipe string and drilling tools in the well, and when the Derrick is erected because of the small base area, the Derrick height is above 18 meters and the height is higher, if there is no fixing device to fix the Derrick, The Derrick will fall, so it is necessary to tie the anchor with the ground, so that the Derrick is set up at a certain angle to the head of the well, and the part connected with the ground is called the anchor. The freezing time of Liaohe oil field is 4 months per year, and many wells are covered with large stones. The original anchor machine can not break the frozen soil layer in winter, but needs manual pneumatic pick to break the frozen soil layer. It is necessary to excavate large blocks of rock by hand, which has the advantages of high labor intensity and low efficiency. Therefore, a broken ground anchor machine is developed for the above reasons. According to the Dongfeng truck as the carrier and the excavator rotary mode, the anchor bit can rotate 360 degrees in this area, thus expanding the scope of construction. This paper mainly discusses the whole structure of the oil workover ground anchor, according to the design requirements, complete the overall scheme design of the crushing ground anchor, determine the structure and size of the main parts, and carry out simulation modeling and force analysis of the main parts. And use AutoCAD software to draw its main parts and assembly drawing. Finally, the parts and components are processed, manufactured and assembled in the machining workshop and riveting workshop, and the technical requirements for the field operation of the ground anchor machine are carried out. Finally, the field use test of the local anchor machine is carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE935

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