【摘要】：管道是現(xiàn)代石油、天然氣等能源運輸?shù)闹饕绞街?被稱為世界的“能源血脈”。隨著經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需求,我國石油化工與政府部門所鋪設(shè)管線數(shù)量急劇增長,但因材質(zhì)、施工或腐蝕等因素導(dǎo)致的管道損傷,嚴(yán)重威脅了管道的有效運行,一旦出現(xiàn)危險,后果將非常嚴(yán)重,不但污染環(huán)境,甚至威脅人類生命財產(chǎn)安全。因此,對管道進行定期檢測與維護、保障管道的安全有效運行十分必要。管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位技術(shù)可實現(xiàn)實時監(jiān)測管道內(nèi)檢測器的運行狀態(tài)和實時位置,是管道無損檢測工程應(yīng)用的必要條件。本文主要針對管道內(nèi)檢測器在運行過程中的跟蹤定位問題,分析了當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀,分析了極低頻信號的傳播特性和發(fā)射線圈的磁場分布特點。依據(jù)發(fā)射線圈磁場對稱分布特性,設(shè)計了搭載在管道內(nèi)檢測器上的極低頻磁信號發(fā)射機和極低頻磁信號接收機。發(fā)射機主要由主控電路、功率放大電路以及發(fā)射線圈組成;發(fā)射線圈采用高磁導(dǎo)率坡莫合金管作為磁芯,有效減少渦流損耗,采用串聯(lián)諧振形式提高信號發(fā)射效率;接收機主要包括接收線圈、信號調(diào)理電路和液晶顯示等部分,設(shè)計了感應(yīng)式接收線圈,通過并聯(lián)諧振形式提高接收機信號接收范圍,提高信噪比。管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位系統(tǒng)主要利用發(fā)射機產(chǎn)生幅值恒定、頻率穩(wěn)定的電壓信號源,通過功率放大電路加載到發(fā)射線圈,在空間建立電磁場。變化的電磁信號透過管道及其所處環(huán)境的介質(zhì),被位于表面的接收線圈接收,經(jīng)過信號調(diào)理電路,提取所需信號信息,實現(xiàn)對管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位的目的。本文詳細(xì)分析了管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位系統(tǒng)各部分的工作性能,通過不同實驗證明了系統(tǒng)的工作效果。實驗結(jié)果表明,該跟蹤定位系統(tǒng)具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性,接收信號具有對稱特性。在埋地管道實驗中,該系統(tǒng)有效定位距離可達(dá)8米,提高了管道內(nèi)檢測器跟蹤定位范圍。
[Abstract]:Pipeline is one of the main ways of transportation of modern oil and natural gas, which is called the "blood of energy" in the world. With the demand of economic development, the number of pipelines laid by petrochemical industry and government departments in our country has increased rapidly. However, the pipeline damage caused by materials, construction or corrosion has seriously threatened the effective operation of pipelines. The consequences will be very serious, not only to pollute the environment, but also to threaten the safety of human life and property. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out regular inspection and maintenance to ensure the safe and effective operation of the pipeline. The tracking and locating technology of the detector in pipeline can realize the real-time monitoring of the running state and the real time position of the detector in the pipeline, which is the necessary condition for the application of pipeline nondestructive testing engineering. In this paper, aiming at the problem of tracking and locating the detector in the pipeline during operation, the present situation of the tracking and locating technology of the detector in the pipeline at home and abroad is analyzed, and the propagation characteristics of the very low frequency signal and the distribution of the magnetic field of the transmitting coil are analyzed. According to the symmetrical distribution of the magnetic field of the transmitting coil, a very low frequency magnetic signal transmitter and a very low frequency magnetic signal receiver are designed. The transmitter is mainly composed of main control circuit, power amplifier circuit and transmitting coil. The high permeability permalloy tube is used as the core of the transmitter, which effectively reduces the eddy current loss and improves the signal transmission efficiency by series resonance. The receiver mainly includes receiving coil, signal conditioning circuit and liquid crystal display. Inductive receiving coil is designed to improve the receiving range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiver by parallel resonance. The detector tracking and positioning system in the pipeline mainly uses the transmitter to produce the constant amplitude and stable frequency voltage signal source, which is loaded into the transmitting coil through the power amplifier circuit, and establishes the electromagnetic field in the space. The changing electromagnetic signal is received by the receiving coil located on the surface through the medium of the pipeline and its environment. After the signal conditioning circuit, the needed signal information is extracted, and the purpose of tracking and locating the detector in the pipeline is realized. In this paper, the working performance of each part of the system is analyzed in detail, and the effect of the system is proved by different experiments. The experimental results show that the tracking and positioning system has good stability and reliability, and the received signal has symmetrical characteristics. In the experiment of buried pipeline, the effective location distance of the system is up to 8 meters, and the tracking range of the detector in the pipeline is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE973.6

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