【摘要】：MPD作為最近年來發(fā)展起來的鉆井新技術(shù),具有安全性高、井底壓力控制精確、可有效解決窄安全鉆井壓力窗口問題,在國(guó)內(nèi)外得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。很多學(xué)者對(duì)其水力學(xué)模型和自動(dòng)控制模式進(jìn)行了研究,提出了各種水力學(xué)模型和控制模式及算法,但是在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,這些研究存在著模型過于復(fù)雜；控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)瞬時(shí)突變反應(yīng)慢,控制效果差等缺點(diǎn),因此,有必要對(duì)水力學(xué)模型和控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步研究。 本論文根據(jù)恒井底壓力控壓鉆井控制過程和工藝的要求,構(gòu)建了基于模糊控制的反饋控制框架,該控制框架的技術(shù)核心是MPD系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)模型和模糊控制模型,為此,論文建立了基于在線計(jì)算的實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)模型,該模型可降低水力學(xué)模型的復(fù)雜程度,實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算井底壓力；此外,論文還研究了改進(jìn)的模糊控制算法,通過模糊控制算法對(duì)井底壓力進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。論文建立的反饋控制框架可使實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)模型與基于模糊控制算法的模糊控制器穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)工作,根據(jù)井底壓力設(shè)定值和實(shí)際值的偏差以及偏差的變化率,利用模糊控制算法調(diào)節(jié)節(jié)流流量和泥漿泵流量,將這些調(diào)控量輸入到實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)模型中,計(jì)算井底壓力,然后反饋到模糊控制器中,進(jìn)行下一輪調(diào)節(jié)。 為了應(yīng)用和驗(yàn)證MPD反饋控制模型和算法,在Matlab環(huán)境下,設(shè)計(jì)了模糊控制器、實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)模型和模糊反饋控制框架的仿真模型。利用實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)仿真模型,仿真井底發(fā)生溢流后井底壓力的變化；通過模糊反饋控制框架的仿真模型,仿真不同情況下,井底壓力控制情況以及該過程中其它相關(guān)設(shè)備的調(diào)節(jié)情況(如節(jié)流閥開度,泥漿泵流量和節(jié)流流量)。通過仿真試驗(yàn),該控制框架在實(shí)時(shí)水力學(xué)在線計(jì)算和MPD非線性控制方面都表現(xiàn)出良好的性能。 本論文所建立的恒井底壓力控壓鉆井反饋控制框架及相關(guān)理論模型和仿真模型,可提高M(jìn)PD井底壓力動(dòng)態(tài)控制精度和響應(yīng)速度,對(duì)控壓鉆井的控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、開發(fā)和應(yīng)用具有實(shí)用的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As a new drilling technology developed in recent years, MPD has high safety and accurate bottom hole pressure control. It can effectively solve the problem of narrow safe drilling pressure window, and has been widely used at home and abroad. Many scholars have studied its hydraulic model and automatic control model, and put forward a variety of hydraulic models and control models and algorithms. However, in practical applications, these models are too complex; Since the control system has the disadvantages of slow response to transient mutation and poor control effect, it is necessary to further study the hydraulic model and control system. According to the requirements of the control process and process of the constant bottom pressure controlled pressure drilling, a feedback control framework based on fuzzy control is constructed in this paper. The technical core of the control framework is the dynamic real-time hydraulics model and fuzzy control model of MPD system. In this paper, a real-time hydraulic model based on on-line calculation is established, which can reduce the complexity of hydraulic model and calculate the bottom hole pressure in real time. In addition, the improved fuzzy control algorithm is also studied. The bottom hole pressure is adjusted by fuzzy control algorithm. The feedback control framework established in this paper can make the real-time hydraulic model and fuzzy controller based on fuzzy control algorithm stable and coordinate, according to the deviation between the set and actual values of bottom hole pressure and the variation rate of deviation. Fuzzy control algorithm is used to adjust throttling flow rate and mud pump flow rate. These parameters are input into real time hydraulic model to calculate bottom hole pressure and then feed back to fuzzy controller for the next adjustment. In order to apply and verify the MPD feedback control model and algorithm, fuzzy controller, real-time hydraulics model and simulation model of fuzzy feedback control framework are designed in Matlab environment. By using the real-time hydraulic simulation model, the change of bottom hole pressure after overflow is simulated, and the simulation model of fuzzy feedback control framework is used to simulate the different conditions. Bottom hole pressure control and regulation of other related equipment during the process (e.g. throttle opening, mud pump flow and throttling flow). The simulation results show that the control framework has good performance in real-time hydraulics on-line calculation and MPD nonlinear control. The feedback control framework and related theoretical model and simulation model established in this paper can improve MPD bottom pressure dynamic control precision and response speed, and design the control system of controlled pressure drilling. Development and application are of practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE928

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