【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟飛速發(fā)展,石油工業(yè)地位越來越重要,抽油機是應(yīng)用最普遍的石油開采機械之一。在抽油機的各種類型中,游梁式抽油機又占主要的地位,它是油田使用最廣泛的一種舉升設(shè)備,約占油井人工舉升設(shè)備的95%。抽油機作為油田的主要生產(chǎn)設(shè)備,其驅(qū)動電機用電量占油田總用電量的比例很大,其用電量約占油田總用電量的40%左右,并且總體效率低,導(dǎo)致油田電能的大量浪費,增加了采油的成本。所以如何節(jié)能、降低損耗和提高抽油機的機械效率、提高抽油機的自動化程度,就是我們長期以來需要研究的重要課題。本論文針對抽油機節(jié)能的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),結(jié)合長慶油田的特殊地層在新疆第三抽有機廠研制的游梁式抽油機的支撐下,研究開發(fā)一種價格適中節(jié)能效果明顯,能提高電網(wǎng)與電機的功率因數(shù),提高抽油機的功率因數(shù),減少抽油機工作過程中能量的損失的設(shè)備,從而起到節(jié)約能源的目的。論文研究了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有抽油機節(jié)能技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,就抽油機本身的結(jié)構(gòu)、電機的節(jié)能原理和現(xiàn)有技術(shù),抽油機的平衡與節(jié)能的關(guān)系,進行研究,分析了常規(guī)抽油機的耗能原因和節(jié)能增效途徑。通過對長慶油田安201區(qū)塊抽油機實際的工作狀態(tài)的分析,比較研究了傳統(tǒng)的變頻電機的可控硅技術(shù)與逆變式PWM變流系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能效果。論文通過電機節(jié)能發(fā)面的研究,讓不同型號的電機具有不同的特性,以適應(yīng)各種不同的采油環(huán)境,和地層特點。并在交流電機上增加了變頻控制裝置,對設(shè)備實現(xiàn)了智能控制,變頻技術(shù)的應(yīng)用實現(xiàn)了生產(chǎn)過程的自動化,且具有顯著的節(jié)能效果。通過研究得出以下結(jié)論:利用逆變式:PWM變流器,不僅解決了電機的倒發(fā)電問題,同時解決了大馬拉小車的問題,使實際的功率因數(shù)得到了提高。抽油機應(yīng)用變頻器,提高了工效,增加了懫油量,又節(jié)約了電能,保護了電機及設(shè)備。在能源日益緊張的今天,變頻器在抽油機節(jié)能反面起到了巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the status of petroleum industry is becoming more and more important. Pumping unit is one of the most widely used oil extraction machinery. Among the various types of pumping units, beam pumping units are the most widely used lifting equipment in oil fields, accounting for 95% of the artificial lifting equipment in oil wells. As the main production equipment of oil field, pumping unit has a large proportion of electric power consumption of driving motor, which accounts for about 40% of the total electricity consumption of oil field, and its overall efficiency is low, which leads to a large amount of waste of electric energy in oil field. It increases the cost of oil production. Therefore, how to save energy, reduce the loss and improve the mechanical efficiency of pumping units, improve the degree of automation of pumping units, is an important subject that we need to study for a long time. In this paper, according to the key technology of pumping unit energy saving, combined with the special stratum of Changqing Oilfield, supported by the beam pumping unit developed by Xinjiang third pumping Plant, the research and development of a kind of moderate price energy saving effect is obvious. The equipment which can improve the power factor of power grid and motor, improve the power factor of pumping unit, and reduce the energy loss in the working process of pumping unit, so as to save energy. In this paper, the present situation of energy saving technology of pumping unit at home and abroad is studied. The structure of pumping unit itself, the principle of motor energy saving and the existing technology, the relationship between the balance of pumping unit and energy saving are studied. The causes of energy consumption of conventional pumping units and the ways to save energy and increase efficiency are analyzed. By analyzing the actual working state of pumping unit in An201 block of Changqing Oilfield, the energy saving effects of traditional SCR technology of frequency conversion motor and inverter PWM converter system are compared and studied. Through the research of motor energy saving, different types of motor have different characteristics in order to adapt to different oil production environment and formation characteristics. The frequency conversion control device is added to the AC motor, and the intelligent control is realized. The application of the frequency conversion technology realizes the automation of the production process, and has remarkable energy saving effect. The conclusions are as follows: the inverter type: PWM converter can not only solve the problem of inverting power generation of motor, but also solve the problem of pulling a cart, so that the actual power factor is improved. The application of inverter in pumping unit can improve the efficiency, increase the amount of oil, save electric energy and protect the motor and equipment. In the energy increasingly tight today, the inverter in pumping unit energy-saving negative has played a huge role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE933.1

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