【摘要】：大型原油罐區(qū)是石化企業(yè)儲存原料的重要設施,其安全穩(wěn)定運行是企業(yè)正常生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。由于原料易燃易爆性、人員操作失誤和環(huán)境因素等影響,罐區(qū)火災爆炸事故時有發(fā)生,造成嚴重的人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失�；趯迏^(qū)火災風險的認識和慘痛的事故教訓,加強罐區(qū)消防應急管理和預防工作日益重要。要達成這一目標,急需建立一套大型原油罐區(qū)消防應急能力評估體系,明確企業(yè)消防應急系統(tǒng)抵御風險的能力和自身薄弱環(huán)節(jié),提高罐區(qū)消防應急能力,方能有效應對事故,降低事故損失。在調(diào)研國內(nèi)外罐區(qū)重大火災爆炸事故撲救情況、罐區(qū)防火設施、消防系統(tǒng)設計、消防應急管理和事故應急救援五個方面的內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,從人、機、物、環(huán)、管五個方面構(gòu)建了罐區(qū)火災事故全過程風險防范體系,結(jié)合保護層分析法思想剖析了罐區(qū)火災事故保護層失效的過程。基于以上分析和應急能力評價理論,完成了指標的選取,建立起一套基于LOPA的大型原油罐區(qū)消防應急能力評價體系:由4個一級指標、15個二級指標和58個三級指標組成;運用層次分析法較客觀地給出了各層級指標的權(quán)重值;最后利用模糊綜合評價方法構(gòu)建了消防應急能力綜合評估模型。根據(jù)評估體系的具體內(nèi)容,將評估步驟集成,開發(fā)出一款大型原油罐區(qū)消防應急能力評估軟件,具有簡便易操作的特點,方便企業(yè)實時運用和定期評估。利用此模型成功完成對國內(nèi)某石化公司罐區(qū)消防應急能力的評估,結(jié)果表明,本文建立的評估模型應用于評估大型原油罐區(qū)消防應急能力是可行的。通過加權(quán)計算后得出了各層級指標的評估結(jié)果,反映出指標對應應急設施設計或管理工作現(xiàn)狀。通過評估結(jié)果分析找出了消防應急系統(tǒng)的短板,并給出了完善建議,對于加強罐區(qū)消防應急管理工作建設、降低事故損失、提高罐區(qū)消防系統(tǒng)應對事故能力具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Large crude oil tank area is an important facility for petrochemical enterprises to store raw materials, and its safe and stable operation is the key link of normal production. Because of the combustible and explosive properties of raw materials, personnel misoperation and environmental factors, fire and explosion accidents occur from time to time in the tank area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. Based on the understanding of the fire risk and the tragic accident lessons, it is increasingly important to strengthen the fire emergency management and prevention work in the tank area. In order to achieve this goal, it is urgent to establish a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability in large crude oil tank area, to make clear the ability of enterprise fire emergency system to resist risks and its own weak links, and to improve the ability of fire emergency in tank area so as to effectively deal with accidents. Reduce accident losses. On the basis of investigating and investigating the situation of major fire and explosion accidents in tank areas at home and abroad, fire prevention facilities, fire control system design, fire emergency management and accident emergency rescue at home and abroad, from people, machines, objects, rings, The risk prevention system in the whole process of tank fire accident is constructed from five aspects of pipe, and the failure process of protective layer in tank area fire accident is analyzed in combination with the idea of protective layer analysis. Based on the above analysis and the theory of emergency capability evaluation, the selection of indexes is completed, and a set of evaluation system of fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area based on LOPA is established: it is composed of 4 first class indexes, 15 second class indexes and 58 third grade indexes; The weight value of each level index is given objectively by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the comprehensive evaluation model of fire emergency ability is constructed by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the concrete contents of the evaluation system, the evaluation steps are integrated and a software for evaluating the fire emergency capability of large crude oil tank area is developed, which is simple and easy to operate, and is convenient for enterprises to use in real time and evaluate regularly. The model has been successfully used to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a domestic petrochemical company tank area. The results show that the evaluation model established in this paper is feasible to evaluate the fire emergency capability of a large crude oil tank area. The evaluation results of various levels of indicators are obtained by weighted calculation, which reflects the current situation of the design or management of emergency facilities corresponding to the indicators. Based on the analysis of the evaluation results, the short board of the fire emergency system is found, and the perfect suggestions are given. It is of great significance to strengthen the construction of the fire emergency management in the tank area, reduce the accident loss, and improve the fire fighting system's ability to deal with the accident in the tank area.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE88

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