【摘要】：隨著勘探開發(fā)程度的不斷提高,淺、中、深層均成為重要的勘探目標(biāo),巖性油氣藏已經(jīng)成為重要勘探對(duì)象。其中物探技術(shù)發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵性支撐作用,并隨著地質(zhì)研究的深入逐步向疊前領(lǐng)域拓展。在中深層復(fù)雜儲(chǔ)層研究、淺層儲(chǔ)層物性變化及流體性質(zhì)研究等方面,疊前研究已經(jīng)成為常態(tài)。疊前儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)研究的發(fā)展需要保幅的地震資料支持。但目前對(duì)于地震資料的“保幅性”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尚無(wú)定論。本文在總結(jié)地震波振幅影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上討論了“真振幅”與“相對(duì)保幅”的關(guān)系,闡述了保幅處理的定義,討論了保幅性評(píng)價(jià)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與定性評(píng)價(jià)方法,引入了利用處理前后標(biāo)志層反射波振幅曲線的相關(guān)系數(shù)與振幅比曲線的相關(guān)系數(shù)定量評(píng)價(jià)保幅程度的方法。面向整個(gè)保幅處理流程,從理論上分析了各個(gè)處理環(huán)節(jié)的保幅性及其影響因素。接著利用三維波動(dòng)方程正演的模型數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)處理流程中各個(gè)模塊的保幅性及其影響因素進(jìn)行了分析與評(píng)價(jià)。保幅處理流程中,振幅補(bǔ)償類處理的目的是為了使反射波振幅能夠更好的與地下地層的反射系數(shù)相對(duì)應(yīng),其保幅性相對(duì)較好。而疊前去噪類處理的影響因素較多,其保幅性取決于去噪方法的選取與去噪?yún)?shù)選擇是否合理。對(duì)于預(yù)測(cè)反褶積處理,其主要影響因素為預(yù)測(cè)步長(zhǎng),步長(zhǎng)太小保幅性較差,步長(zhǎng)較大又達(dá)不到提高分辨率的目的,因此,在實(shí)際處理中應(yīng)根據(jù)具體數(shù)據(jù)選擇合適的預(yù)測(cè)步長(zhǎng)。Kirchhoff積分法疊前時(shí)間偏移具有一定的相對(duì)保持振幅的能力,其影響因素有速度精度,偏移孔徑等成像條件,在做偏移以前應(yīng)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)做好規(guī)則化處理。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of exploration and development, shallow, middle and deep layers have become important exploration targets, and lithologic reservoirs have become important exploration objects. Geophysical prospecting technology plays a key role in supporting, and with the development of geological research gradually to prestack field. Prestack study has become the normal state in the study of complex reservoirs in middle and deep layers, physical properties of shallow reservoirs and fluid properties. The development of prestack reservoir prediction technology needs amplitude preserving seismic data. However, there is no final conclusion on the criterion of "amplitude preservation" for seismic data at present. On the basis of summing up the influencing factors of seismic wave amplitude, this paper discusses the relationship between "true amplitude" and "relative amplitude preservation", expounds the definition of amplitude preserving processing, and discusses the criteria and qualitative evaluation methods for amplitude preservation evaluation. This paper introduces a method to quantitatively evaluate the amplitude preserving degree by using the correlation coefficient of the amplitude curve of the marker layer reflection wave before and after treatment and the correlation coefficient of the amplitude ratio curve. In view of the whole processing flow of amplitude preserving, the amplitude preservation and its influencing factors of each processing link are analyzed theoretically. Then the amplitude preservation of each module and its influencing factors are analyzed and evaluated by using the forward model data of three dimensional wave equation. In the amplitude-preserving processing process, the purpose of amplitude compensation processing is to make the reflected wave amplitude better correspond to the reflection coefficient of underground strata, and its amplitude preservation is relatively good. However, there are many factors affecting the pre-stack denoising process, and its amplitude preservation depends on whether the selection of denoising method and the selection of denoising parameters are reasonable. For predictive deconvolution, the main influencing factors are prediction step size, too small step size and poor amplitude preservation, and the larger step size can not achieve the purpose of improving resolution. In actual processing, the prestack time migration of the prediction step. Kirchhoff integration method should be selected according to the specific data. The prestack time migration has the ability to keep the amplitude relatively, and the influencing factors are velocity accuracy, migration aperture and other imaging conditions. The data should be regularized before deviation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4;P618.13

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 蘇世龍;賀振華;戴曉云;王九拴;張輝;辛華剛;劉艷娜;;巖性油氣藏地震保幅處理技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用——以東部某油田巖性氣藏為例[J];物探與化探;2015年01期

2 撒利明;甘利燈;黃旭日;陳小宏;李凌高;;中國(guó)石油集團(tuán)油藏地球物理技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展方向[J];石油地球物理勘探;2014年03期

3 趙建國(guó);史瑞其;陳競(jìng)一;潘建國(guó);王宏斌;;黏性聲波方程數(shù)值正演中的匹配Z變換完全匹配層吸收邊界[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

4 李晶晶;孫成禹;謝俊法;張曉釗;;相對(duì)保幅的拋物線Radon變換法地震道重建[J];石油物探;2014年02期

5 尚新民;;地震資料處理保幅性評(píng)價(jià)方法綜述與探討[J];石油物探;2014年02期

6 謝俊法;孫成禹;韓文功;;迭代拋物Radon變換法分離一次波與多次波[J];石油地球物理勘探;2014年01期

7 田坤;黃建平;李振春;曹曉莉;李慶洋;路萍;;多軸卷積完全匹配層吸收邊界條件[J];石油地球物理勘探;2014年01期

8 李振春;田坤;黃建平;曹曉莉;李娜;李慶洋;;多軸完全匹配層的非分裂實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2013年06期

9 徐偉慕;郭平;胡天躍;;薄互層調(diào)諧與分辨率分析[J];石油地球物理勘探;2013年05期

10 馬靈偉;顧漢明;趙迎月;陳殿遠(yuǎn);趙小鵬;;應(yīng)用隨機(jī)介質(zhì)正演模擬刻畫深水區(qū)臺(tái)緣礁碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層[J];石油地球物理勘探;2013年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 顧元;三維非平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)介質(zhì)建模與參數(shù)估計(jì)[D];中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué);2013年

2 李建雄;時(shí)域有限差分法中完全匹配層的實(shí)現(xiàn)算法研究[D];天津大學(xué);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 丁玉才;三維波動(dòng)方程雙變網(wǎng)格有限差分并行模擬方法研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué)（華東）;2012年

2 張文穎;保幅性三維傅里葉變換疊前道內(nèi)插技術(shù)研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué);2011年

3 孟松嶺;基于地表一致性原理的相對(duì)振幅保持方法研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：2209265