【摘要】：鉆進技術(shù)在礦產(chǎn)資源勘探與開發(fā)、地質(zhì)工程、煤礦井下錨桿支護與瓦斯抽放和國家工程建設(shè)中占據(jù)了舉足輕重的地位,鉆進技術(shù)是否先進直接影響地質(zhì)、開采以及工程施工的成本和效率。而鉆頭作為鉆進技術(shù)中破碎巖石的工具,其類型的選擇、結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計、質(zhì)量的高低是決定成孔效率和鉆進成本的關(guān)鍵因素。隨著材料科學(xué)在工業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域取得突破性發(fā)展,金剛石復(fù)合材料逐漸成為鉆進領(lǐng)域的新寵,自二十世紀七十年代金剛石復(fù)合片鉆頭(PDC-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit,簡稱PDC鉆頭)問世以來,因其巖石破碎效率高、鉆頭可靠性好、鉆頭壽命長以及鉆進綜合經(jīng)濟效益高等特點,被廣泛應(yīng)用在鉆進領(lǐng)域中。在特定地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件下,根據(jù)鉆進需求設(shè)計與制造個性化的PDC鉆頭這個問題上,探礦工藝研究所現(xiàn)今所采用的是傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗試制法,通過對鉆進條件進行分析,根據(jù)以往生產(chǎn)研究經(jīng)驗進行鉆頭設(shè)計,然后對各設(shè)計方案進行鉆頭試制與臺架試驗,分析鉆頭在破巖過程中受力情況對設(shè)計方案進行修改,然后再進行試驗,如此反復(fù)試制與試驗,最終得到最優(yōu)設(shè)計方案,這是一個耗時耗力耗材的方法。如何快速響應(yīng)設(shè)計出滿足要求的PDC鉆頭并檢驗鉆頭的性能是否可靠,提高鉆頭設(shè)計效率,降低鉆頭設(shè)計成本,成為了一個亟待解決的問題。隨著科技的進步,計算機技術(shù)發(fā)不斷發(fā)展,計算機仿真技術(shù)逐漸走進大家的視野,各種輔助設(shè)計軟件以及各類分析軟件應(yīng)運而生,計算機仿真技術(shù)也引入到了鉆頭設(shè)計領(lǐng)域。計算機仿真設(shè)計與仿真分析技術(shù)的不斷出現(xiàn)為解決PDC鉆頭個性化設(shè)計問題帶來了契機。目前,計算機仿真技術(shù)在牙輪鉆頭鉆進過程中已得到廣泛應(yīng)用,在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用于PDC鉆頭個性化設(shè)計中也是可行的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文以熱壓胎體式PDC取芯鉆頭設(shè)計為例,分別用傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法與仿真設(shè)計方法對鉆頭進行設(shè)計分析,研究兩種方法的設(shè)計成本與設(shè)計周期。傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法是反復(fù)試驗,從失敗中尋求解決方法,不斷改進鉆頭的設(shè)計、原型的制造、實地測試和結(jié)果評估的過程,直到獲得滿足性能要求的產(chǎn)品,因此,所需的設(shè)計周期很長,設(shè)計成本高。仿真分析方法是利用三維設(shè)計軟件Pro/E的參數(shù)化設(shè)計進行鉆頭實體模型建立,再利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS對鉆頭模型進行受力分析,研究不同仰角、轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)角與PDC所受應(yīng)力的關(guān)系,實驗得出,當仰角為17。時,PDC所受應(yīng)力最小；PDC所受應(yīng)力大小隨轉(zhuǎn)速的增大而減小。根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果分析鉆頭的鉆進性能,最終得到最優(yōu)的設(shè)計方案并研究仿真設(shè)計過程中所產(chǎn)生的設(shè)計成本與設(shè)計周期。較之傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法,計算機仿真設(shè)計方法能夠在較短的時間內(nèi)完成鉆頭的“設(shè)計-分析-改進-評估”整個過程,大大縮短了設(shè)計周期,仿真設(shè)計過程中不用對鉆頭進行試制,降低了設(shè)計成本,提高了設(shè)計效率,并為鉆頭的個性化性能提供理論分析結(jié)果,推進鉆頭的個性化發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Drilling technology plays an important role in mineral resources exploration and development, geological engineering, underground bolt support and gas drainage and national engineering construction. The advanced drilling technology directly affects the cost and efficiency of geology, mining and engineering construction. The drill bit is a tool for breaking rock in drilling technology and its type Selection, structure design and quality are the key factors to determine hole efficiency and drilling cost. With the breakthrough in the field of industrial application, diamond composite has gradually become a new favorite in the field of drilling, since 1970s diamond composite bit (PDC-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bi) T, referred to as PDC bit for short, has been widely used in the field of drilling because of its high rock fragmentation efficiency, good bit reliability, long drill life and high comprehensive economic benefit. Under the specific geological environment, the Research Institute of exploration technology is today based on the design and manufacture of individualized PDC bits according to the drilling requirements. The traditional experience trial production method is adopted. Through the analysis of the drilling conditions, the bit design is carried out according to the previous production research experience, then the drill bit trial and bench test are carried out on each design scheme, and the design scheme is modified during the rock breaking process, and then the test is carried out again, so that repeated trial and trial and trial are made. Finally, the optimal design scheme is obtained. This is a time-consuming and consumable method. How to quickly respond to the design of the PDC bit to meet the requirements and verify the reliability of the bit performance, improve the design efficiency of the bit and reduce the design cost of the bit has become a problem to be solved urgently. With the progress of science and technology, the computer technology is constantly issued. The computer simulation technology has gradually come into the field of vision. All kinds of auxiliary design software and all kinds of analysis software have come into being. Computer simulation technology has also been introduced into the field of bit design. The continuous appearance of computer simulation design and simulation analysis technology brings opportunity to solve the problem of PDC bit design. At present, computer Simulation technology has been widely used in the drilling process of roller bit. On the basis of previous research, simulation technology is also feasible in the personalized design of PDC bit. On this basis, the design and analysis of the drill bit with the traditional design method and simulation design method are used for the design of PDC core drill of hot pressing tire. The design cost and design cycle of the two methods are studied. The traditional design method is repeated tests, seeking solutions from failure, constantly improving the design of the bit, the manufacturing of the prototype, the field test and the result evaluation process, until the product meets the performance requirements. Therefore, the design cycle is very long and the design cost is high. The method is to use the parametric design of Pro/E software to build the solid model of the bit, and then use the finite element analysis software ANSYS to analyze the force of the bit model, and study the relationship between the different elevation angle, the speed, the angle and the stress of the PDC. The experiment shows that when the elevation is 17., the stress of the PDC is the least; the magnitude of the stress of PDC is the size of the stress. According to the simulation results, the drilling performance of the drill is analyzed, and the optimal design scheme is finally obtained and the design cost and design period produced in the simulation design process are studied. Compared with the traditional design method, the computer simulation design method can complete the design analysis improvement - Evaluation of the bit in a short time. The whole process has greatly shortened the design cycle. The design cost is not needed in the simulation design process, the design cost is reduced, the design efficiency is improved, and the theoretical analysis results are provided for the personalized performance of the bit, and the personalized development of the bit is promoted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921.1

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