本文選題：致密儲層 + 多級暫堵�。� 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球油氣資源消耗量的日益加大,越來越多的目光轉(zhuǎn)移到了非常規(guī)致密油氣資源的開發(fā)。在我國的新疆、四川、長慶等油田均廣泛分布有致密砂巖儲層和致密碳酸鹽巖儲層。由于物性差、地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,致密儲層的開發(fā)難度大、投資大、風(fēng)險大,要實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)有效開采必須對儲層進(jìn)行改造。而常規(guī)壓裂形成的對稱雙翼裂縫改造體積有限,不能充分動用致密油氣資源,因此必須引入體積改造技術(shù),實現(xiàn)儲層的全方位立體改造。但對于某些巨厚、超深、超高壓、超高水平主應(yīng)力差的難點儲層,普通的改造工藝還存在局限性,因此必須探索新的體積改造工藝。本文以此為出發(fā)點,提出了采用可降解顆粒和纖維對縫口或裂縫遠(yuǎn)端進(jìn)行暫堵,提高井筒和裂縫內(nèi)凈壓力,以實現(xiàn)人工裂縫在層間、層內(nèi)、近井筒處轉(zhuǎn)向,縱向上形成多條裂縫,橫向上溝通天然裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)或在主裂縫之外形成分支裂縫,大大提高致密儲層的改造體積。具體內(nèi)容如下： (1)采用理論研究和實驗研究相結(jié)合的方式探究了固體顆粒和纖維在裂縫中的暫堵機理和暫堵規(guī)律,形成了“架橋顆粒+填充顆粒+纖維”的多級暫堵思路。并通過建立架橋顆粒用量和填充顆粒用量計算模型,對顆粒用量進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。 (2)以彈性力學(xué)、巖石力學(xué)以及水力裂縫與天然裂縫相交作用準(zhǔn)則為基礎(chǔ),分別研究了水力裂縫在層問、層內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)向機理和轉(zhuǎn)向條件。不同類型儲層和不同轉(zhuǎn)向方式的轉(zhuǎn)向機理、條件、影響因素各不相同。 (3)對近井筒轉(zhuǎn)向的理念和原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述,考慮初始人工裂縫誘導(dǎo)應(yīng)力和井眼應(yīng)力集中對地應(yīng)力場的干擾,建立了定向射孔井破裂壓力計算模型,分析了破裂壓力與射孔角度、水平應(yīng)力差的關(guān)系。 (4)考慮任意裂縫形狀、地應(yīng)力和縫內(nèi)壓力分布的影響,計算了任意形狀裂縫的應(yīng)力強度因子,建立了轉(zhuǎn)向裂縫擴(kuò)展延伸準(zhǔn)則,提出了轉(zhuǎn)向裂縫延伸軌跡和轉(zhuǎn)向距離計算模型,編制了裂縫轉(zhuǎn)向延伸模擬程序,分析了影響新裂縫轉(zhuǎn)向半徑的因素。 (5)對暫堵轉(zhuǎn)向體積改造技術(shù)的施工工藝進(jìn)行了初步設(shè)計,并給出了具體實現(xiàn)過程,選取典型井,進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場驗證。 通過本文的研究,提出了一種結(jié)合固體顆粒和纖維的多級暫堵方法,形成了一套以暫堵為手段,以實現(xiàn)“層間+層內(nèi)+近井筒”復(fù)合轉(zhuǎn)向為目的的體積改造技術(shù),為致密油氣藏的經(jīng)濟(jì)有效開發(fā)提供了新的技術(shù)思路。
[Abstract]:With the increasing consumption of oil and gas resources in the world , more and more attention has been paid to the development of unconventional tight oil and gas resources . In China , the tight sandstone reservoir and tight carbonate reservoir are widely distributed in oil fields such as Xinjiang , Sichuan and Changqing .

( 1 ) The temporary plugging mechanism and the temporary plugging rule of the solid particles and the fibers in the cracks are investigated by using the combination of theory research and experimental research , and the multi - stage temporary plugging idea of " bridging particles + filling particles + fibers " is formed .

( 2 ) Based on the criterion of elastic mechanics , rock mechanics and hydraulic fracture and natural fracture intersection , the mechanism and conditions of diversion mechanism and steering condition of hydraulic fracture in layer and layer are studied respectively . The mechanism , condition and influencing factors of different types of reservoirs and different steering modes are different .

( 3 ) The concept and principle of near - wellbore steering are described in detail , considering the initial artificial crack - induced stress and the interference of borehole stress concentration to ground stress field , a calculation model of fracture pressure of directional perforation well is established , and the relation between fracture pressure and perforation angle and horizontal stress difference is analyzed .

( 4 ) Considering the influence of arbitrary crack shape , ground stress and internal pressure distribution , the stress intensity factor of arbitrary shape crack is calculated , the extension criterion of steering crack is established , and the calculation model of steering crack extension and steering distance is proposed . The fracture steering extension simulation program is compiled , and the factors influencing the steering radius of the new crack are analyzed .

( 5 ) The construction technology of temporary diversion volume modification technology is designed , and the concrete realization process is given , the typical well is selected , and the field verification is carried out .

Through the research in this paper , a multi - stage temporary plugging method combining solid particles and fibers is proposed , and a set of volume modification technologies are formed to achieve the purpose of " interlayer + inter - layer + near wellbore " composite steering , which provides a new technical idea for the economic and effective development of dense oil - gas reservoirs .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357

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