本文選題：稠油 + 破乳劑��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展,原油的開采力度逐漸加大,石油中稀油的產(chǎn)量已接近飽和,全世界對(duì)于原油的需求逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到稠油的開發(fā)上。稠油作為石油工業(yè)中重要的油田資源,由于其本身的組成復(fù)雜,使得其開采難度極大增加。針對(duì)稠油高難度開發(fā)條件,新疆油田近年來采用一種全世界領(lǐng)先的SAGD采油技術(shù)進(jìn)行先驅(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn),但是在開采過程中仍遇到一些無法預(yù)料到的難度。由于SAGD技術(shù)的引用,使得原有的原油處理技術(shù)不能滿足現(xiàn)狀,如采出液溫度較高原油破乳劑無法正常破乳等比較棘手的問題。因此,開發(fā)出具有耐溫性能而且高效破乳的破乳劑,對(duì)于新疆稠油開采具有十分重要的意義。為此,本文進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的研究,內(nèi)容如下:(1)以雙酚A、多乙烯多胺以及多元醇為起始劑,合成一系列不同鏈段的聚醚破乳劑,用所合成的破乳劑對(duì)新疆油田稠油進(jìn)行破乳實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,所制備的酚醛樹脂類(PAA)型破乳劑的最優(yōu)合成比例為:雙酚A/環(huán)氧丙烷為1:100,環(huán)氧丙烷/環(huán)氧乙烷為3:1;所制備的醇類(PS)型破乳劑的最優(yōu)合成比例為:十八醇/環(huán)氧丙烷為1:250,環(huán)氧丙烷/環(huán)氧乙烷為3:1。HLB值,酸價(jià)和破乳劑的交聯(lián)程度對(duì)于破乳劑性能有較大的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:加入交聯(lián)劑后可增加破乳劑支化程度,提高破乳性能,使得最終脫水率增加,破乳效果理想。(2)對(duì)所合成的破乳劑進(jìn)行端基改性,以增強(qiáng)其破乳性能,提高耐溫性。對(duì)所合成的兩種耐溫破乳劑進(jìn)行正交實(shí)驗(yàn),復(fù)配成耐溫破乳劑(PAS),復(fù)配破乳劑最佳配比為A3B1C2D3,并對(duì)其破乳性能進(jìn)行具體評(píng)價(jià),如PAS的加藥量(破乳劑濃度)、破乳時(shí)間、破乳溫度、pH值等因素。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示破乳劑PAS可以在高溫環(huán)境下可以有效破乳,當(dāng)加藥量為100 mg/L、破乳溫度為170℃、破乳時(shí)間90 min、pH為5時(shí),破乳劑對(duì)于新疆超稠油的破乳性能最佳。(3)對(duì)合成的破乳劑做熱穩(wěn)定性的測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明:PAA型破乳劑在300℃以下,質(zhì)量損失不是很明顯,損失只有5%,當(dāng)溫度升高到400℃左右時(shí),破乳劑PAA的質(zhì)量損失達(dá)到96.78%。PAA型破乳劑的耐熱性能良好。破乳劑PS在300℃以下,化學(xué)性質(zhì)比較穩(wěn)定,溫度升高至290℃時(shí),質(zhì)量損失只有5%,其耐熱性能也較為良好。
[Abstract]:With the development of petroleum industry, the exploitation of crude oil increases gradually, the production of thin oil in oil is nearly saturated, and the demand for crude oil in the world is gradually transferred to the development of heavy oil. Heavy oil, as an important oil resource in petroleum industry, is very difficult to exploit because of its complex composition. In view of the high difficulty of heavy oil development, Xinjiang Oilfield in recent years adopted a world leading SAGD oil recovery technology to carry out pioneering experiments, but in the process of production, there are still some unexpected difficulties. Because of the application of SAGD technology, the original crude oil treatment technology can not meet the current situation, such as the higher temperature of the produced liquid oil demulsifier can not be demulsified normally and other more difficult problems. Therefore, it is of great significance for Xinjiang heavy oil production to develop a demulsifier with high temperature resistance and high efficiency demulsification. In this paper, a series of polyether demulsifiers with different chain segments were synthesized with bisphenol A, polyvinyl polyamines and polyols as starting agents. The demulsifier was used to demulsify heavy oil in Xinjiang Oilfield. The results show that The ratio of bisphenol A / propylene oxide is 1: 100, propylene oxide / ethylene oxide is 3: 1, and the optimum ratio of synthesis of PS-based demulsifier is: octadecanol / epoxy propylene. Alkane is 1: 250, propylene oxide / ethylene oxide is 3: 1. HLB value, Acid value and crosslinking degree of demulsifier have great influence on the properties of demulsifier. The results show that the addition of crosslinking agent can increase the degree of demulsifier branching, improve the demulsifying performance, increase the final dehydration rate, and the demulsifying effect is ideal. 2) the synthesized demulsifier can be modified by the end group to enhance its demulsifying performance. Improve temperature tolerance. Two kinds of temperature resistant demulsifiers were prepared by orthogonal experiment. The best ratio of the demulsifiers was A3B1C2D3, and the demulsifying performance of the demulsifiers was evaluated, such as the dosage of pas (concentration of demulsifier, demulsifying time, demulsifying time), Demulsification temperature and pH value. The results show that the demulsifier pas can effectively demulsify under high temperature. When the dosage is 100 mg / L, the demulsifying temperature is 170 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1999393