本文選題：光纖預警系統(tǒng) + 恒虛警��； 參考：《北方工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：基于相位敏感光時域反射體制(Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflection,Φ-OTDR)的光纖預警系統(tǒng)具有良好的隱蔽性、精準的定位能力、可靠的實時性和極強的抗電磁干擾能力等優(yōu)點,在油氣管道安全監(jiān)測領域有著良好的應用前景。近年來,該領域的研究多集中在光纖傳感體制設計和振源檢測識別算法設計上,而針對算法實現(xiàn)方面的研究較少。光纖預警系統(tǒng)的檢測識別算法需要在嵌入式的信號處理板卡中實現(xiàn),算法實現(xiàn)的優(yōu)劣程度影響著系統(tǒng)的整體性能。由于算法的復雜度較高且信號處理板卡的資源有限,因此,需要設計一套較為合理的數(shù)字信號處理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)軟件架構,以保證算法實現(xiàn)簡潔、高效且易于升級。本文深入研究了光纖預警系統(tǒng)檢測識別算法,將算法分為兩部分:振源的檢測定位部分和振動類型識別部分,并依托光纖預警系統(tǒng)平臺,設計了一套檢測識別算法在DSP中實現(xiàn)的解決方案。針對振源的檢測定位部分,在算法設計方面,本文對傳統(tǒng)振源檢測算法進行了改進,設計了一種兩級恒虛警檢測器,該檢測器結合了單元平均恒虛警(Cell Averaging Constant False Alarm Rate,CA-CFAR)檢測器和最大/最小選擇恒虛警(Greatest-Of/Smallest-Of Constant False Alarm Rate,GO/SO-CFAR)檢測器的優(yōu)點,在保證檢測性能的同時盡可能提高算法的執(zhí)行效率;在算法實現(xiàn)方面,本文設計了基于流水線技術的DSP軟件架構,并采用滑動窗口結構和有序鏈表結構對兩級恒虛警檢測器的處理流程進行優(yōu)化,進一步提高了算法的執(zhí)行效率。針對振動類型識別部分,本文提出了通過信號的小波功率熵特征和基音周期特征對振動信號進行識別的方法,并設計了基于環(huán)形隊列技術的DSP軟件架構,將每一待識別的振動列當作一項任務壓入環(huán)形隊列中,遵循先進先出(First In First Out,FIFO)的原則依次對環(huán)形隊列中的任務進行處理,使得算法的執(zhí)行流程更加簡潔,軟件的開發(fā)更具模塊化。經(jīng)現(xiàn)場測試證明,本文提出的DSP編程解決方案合理、高效地實現(xiàn)了檢測識別算法,達到了預期的檢測識別性能。模塊化的軟件架構設計為后續(xù)算法版本的升級和維護打下了良好的基礎,有效推進了光纖預警系統(tǒng)的實用化進程。
[Abstract]:The optical fiber early warning system based on Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflection, 桅 -OTDR has the advantages of good concealment, accurate positioning ability, reliable real-time performance and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. It has a good application prospect in the field of oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring. In recent years, the research in this field has focused on the design of optical fiber sensing system and vibration source detection and identification algorithm, but less on the realization of the algorithm. The detection and recognition algorithm of optical fiber early warning system needs to be implemented in the embedded signal processing board. The performance of the system is affected by the degree of the realization of the algorithm. Due to the high complexity of the algorithm and the limited resources of the signal processing board, it is necessary to design a reasonable digital signal processor (DSP) software architecture to ensure that the algorithm is simple, efficient and easy to upgrade. In this paper, the detection and identification algorithm of optical fiber early warning system is deeply studied. The algorithm is divided into two parts: the detection and location of the vibration source and the identification of the vibration type, and rely on the optical fiber early warning system platform. Design a set of detection and recognition algorithm in DSP implementation of the solution. Aiming at the detection and location of vibration source, in the aspect of algorithm design, this paper improves the traditional detection algorithm of vibration source, and designs a two-stage constant false alarm detector (CFAR). The detector combines the advantages of the cell average CFAR Averaging Constant False Alarm CA-CFAR detector and the maximum / minimum selective CFAR detector, which ensures the detection performance and improves the efficiency of the algorithm. In this paper, the DSP software architecture based on pipeline technology is designed, and the processing flow of the two-stage CFAR detector is optimized by using the sliding window structure and the ordered linked list structure, which further improves the execution efficiency of the algorithm. In the part of vibration type recognition, this paper proposes a method to identify vibration signal by wavelet power entropy feature and pitch period feature, and designs a DSP software architecture based on ring queue technology. Each vibration sequence to be identified is pressed into the ring queue as a task, and the tasks in the ring queue are processed in turn according to the principle of first-in-first-out (FIFO), which makes the execution flow of the algorithm more concise. Software development is more modular. It is proved by field test that the proposed DSP programming solution is reasonable, and the detection and recognition algorithm is realized efficiently, and the expected detection and recognition performance is achieved. The modular software architecture design lays a good foundation for the update and maintenance of the subsequent algorithm version, and effectively promotes the practical process of the fiber optic early warning system.
【學位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE973.6

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