本文選題：天然氣水合物 + 烏麗-開心嶺凍土區(qū)　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：天然氣水合物是一種新型的清潔能源,潛在儲量巨大。天然氣水合物的勘探、開發(fā)和利用具有重大的意義。青藏高原作為我國面積最大、連續(xù)性最好、凍土厚度最穩(wěn)定的凍土區(qū),是我國天然氣水合物研究的重點區(qū)域。為了評價青藏高原凍土區(qū)天然氣水合物的成礦潛力,2014年和2015年,中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局油氣資源調(diào)查中心分別在開心嶺和烏麗地區(qū)布置施工了 TK1井和TK2井。本論文中的各類數(shù)據(jù)資料均主要來源于這兩口鉆井。根據(jù)野外錄井資料及巖心測試數(shù)據(jù),對鉆遇地層的沉積環(huán)境、烴源巖和儲層特征進行了分析,得到了研究區(qū)二疊系地層天然氣水合物生儲、特征的初步結(jié)論:(1)根據(jù)野外錄井資料,結(jié)合生物化石鑒定結(jié)果、地球化學測試和XRD測試結(jié)果,對TK1井和TK2井的沉積相有了較為全面的認識。TK1井鉆遇的地層為海陸過渡相,位于活動大陸邊緣;TK2井鉆遇的地層為一套火山碎屑巖,位于島弧環(huán)境。兩者之間可能存在一個弧后前陸盆地。沼澤煤層、三角洲前緣的細粒沉積巖,以及海相泥巖等均可作為潛在烴源巖層段;三角洲相的河道砂體、濱淺海的砂體,以及火山碎屑巖等均有成為儲集層的潛力。(2)整合烴源巖樣品巖石熱解、生物標志化合物和鏡質(zhì)體反射率測試分析結(jié)果,對研究區(qū)的烴源巖特征有了初步了解。兩口井的烴源巖有機質(zhì)類型以混合型為主,干酪根成熟度很高,有機碳含量(TOC)較高,而生烴潛量(S1+S2)很低。綜合分析認為,現(xiàn)階段地層中的烴源巖已不具備大量生排烴的能力,殘留在地層中的碳多為死碳;但有機質(zhì)豐度經(jīng)過恢復(fù)后總體評價很好,意味著在烴源巖演化的某個階段曾經(jīng)大量生成并排出了油氣,具有為天然氣水合物提供氣源的潛力。(3)根據(jù)TK2井鉆井過程中出現(xiàn)的氣體異常現(xiàn)象記錄,結(jié)合中子孔隙度測井曲線和巖心觀察,對兩井有利儲集層段進行篩選,并對樣品進行薄片觀察、孔滲實驗和壓汞實驗。分析認為,兩口井的儲集空間以裂隙為主,孔隙次之。其中裂隙中的破碎帶、未被完全充填的宏觀裂隙和微裂隙對儲層物性有極大的改善作用;原生孔隙對儲層物性的貢獻基本可以忽略;溶蝕孔隙對儲層物性也有較大的改善作用。地層整體具有良好的儲集能力。
[Abstract]:Natural gas hydrate is a new clean energy source with huge potential reserves. The exploration, development and utilization of natural gas hydrate are of great significance. The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the most stable permafrost region with the largest area, the best continuity and the most stable thickness in China, which is the key area for the study of natural gas hydrate in China. In order to evaluate the mineralization potential of natural gas hydrate in permafrost region of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, TK1 well and TK2 well were constructed in 2014 and 2015 by China Geological Survey Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center in Xingling and Wuli areas, respectively. All kinds of data in this paper are mainly from these two drilling wells. Based on the field logging data and core test data, the sedimentary environment, source rock and reservoir characteristics of the drilled strata are analyzed, and the gas hydrate generation reservoirs in the Permian strata in the study area are obtained. (1) based on field logging data, combined with biofossils identification results, geochemical tests and XRD test results, the sedimentary facies of well TK1 and well TK2 have been fully recognized that the strata drilled in well TK1 are transitional facies of sea and land. The strata in TK2 well located on the active continental margin are a set of pyroclastic rocks and are located in the island arc environment. There may be a back-arc Foreland basin between the two. Marsh coal seam, delta front fine grain sedimentary rock and marine mudstone can be used as potential source rocks, delta facies channel sand body, shoreline shallow sea sand body, etc. The pyrolysis, biomarker compounds and vitrinite reflectance of source rock samples are integrated, and the characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the study area are preliminarily understood. The organic matter types of the source rocks in the two wells are mainly mixed type, the kerogen maturity is very high, the organic carbon content is high, and the hydrocarbon generation potential is very low. The comprehensive analysis shows that the source rocks in the present formation are no longer capable of generating and expelling hydrocarbon, and the residual carbon in the formation is mostly dead carbon, but the organic matter abundance is generally evaluated well after the restoration of organic matter abundance. This means that oil and gas have been generated and expelled in large quantities at some stage of the evolution of the source rocks, with the potential to provide gas sources for natural gas hydrates.) according to the gas anomalies recorded during drilling in the TK2 well, Combined with neutron porosity logging curve and core observation, the favorable reservoir section of two wells was screened, and the samples were observed on thin slices, porosity and permeability, and mercury injection. It is concluded that the reservoir space of the two wells is mainly fissures, followed by pores. The fracture zone in the fracture zone, the macroscopic fissure and the microfissure which are not completely filled can improve the reservoir physical property greatly; the contribution of the primary pore to the reservoir physical property can be neglected basically; the dissolution pore also has the bigger improvement function to the reservoir physical property. The whole formation has good reservoir capacity.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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