本文選題：生物柴油 + 降凝劑��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物柴油(Biodiesel)是指用可循環(huán)的植物油或動(dòng)物油制備的具有長鏈脂肪酸的脂肪酸甲酯,它被認(rèn)為是環(huán)保的生質(zhì)燃料生物柴油。但生物柴油的凝點(diǎn)和黏度都相對(duì)礦物柴油較高,低溫流動(dòng)性較差,因而要實(shí)現(xiàn)生物柴油的廣泛使用,必須改善其低溫流動(dòng)性。本文根據(jù)改良劑分子的烷基側(cè)鏈的碳原子數(shù)與生物柴油中脂肪酸鏈平均碳原子數(shù)相等或相近的原則,采用兩步法,以丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、高級(jí)長鏈醇為原料,以對(duì)甲基苯磺酸為酯化催化劑,對(duì)苯二酚為阻聚劑,合成了中間體丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯;再用丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、乙酸乙烯酯、順丁烯二酸酐或馬來酸酐為原料,過氧化苯甲酰為催化劑,合成了兩種生物柴油降凝劑:聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯,并確定了兩種降凝劑的合成條件,考察了所合成的降凝劑對(duì)生物柴油的降凝效果。在聚丙烯酸酯降凝劑合成的過程中,考察了原料用量、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間等因素對(duì)酯化、聚合反應(yīng)的影響,并采用紅外光譜手段對(duì)降凝劑進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明:在丙烯酸酯:順丁烯二酸酐:乙酸乙烯酯的摩爾比為4:1:4、反應(yīng)溫度85~90℃、反應(yīng)時(shí)間6h、甲苯用量20mL、引發(fā)劑過氧化苯甲酰的加料量為每摩爾丙烯酸酯加5g,降凝效果最好。反應(yīng)過程中順丁烯二酸酐用量和溫度對(duì)降凝效果的影響相似,均是隨著順丁烯二酸酐用量和溫度的增加降凝效果呈先上升后下降的趨勢,而乙酸乙烯酯的用量則不會(huì)影響降凝效果。在聚甲基丙烯酸降凝劑制備的過程中,考察了原料種類、原料用量、溫度等因素對(duì)降凝劑降凝效果的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:在反應(yīng)溫度為110~120℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為5h,催化劑對(duì)甲苯磺酸添加量為1.0%(質(zhì)量百分?jǐn)?shù),下同),長鏈烷基醇與甲基丙烯酸的摩爾比為1:1.2,阻聚劑對(duì)苯二酚的添加量為0.9%的條件下首先合成甲基丙烯酸酯;然后在反應(yīng)原料摩爾比為:甲基丙烯酸酯:馬來酸酐:乙酸乙烯酯為4:4:1,反應(yīng)溫度85~90℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間為5h的條件下合成的聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝劑具有較好的降凝效果。將上述制備的兩種降凝劑以1%的添加量加入到五種不同原料制備的生物柴油中,生物柴油的凝點(diǎn)可降低4~9℃,冷濾點(diǎn)可降低2~6℃,說明所制備的降凝劑對(duì)不飽和脂肪酸和飽和脂肪酸含量較高的生物柴油均具有較好的低溫流動(dòng)性改善性能。
[Abstract]:Biodiesel (Biodiesel) is a kind of fatty acid methyl ester with long chain fatty acids prepared from recycled vegetable oil or animal oil. It is considered as a biofuel biodiesel for environmental protection. However, the freezing point and viscosity of biodiesel are higher than that of mineral diesel, and the low temperature fluidity is poor. Therefore, in order to realize the wide use of biodiesel, it is necessary to improve its low temperature fluidity. According to the principle that the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side chain of the modifier molecule is equal or similar to the average carbon atom number of fatty acid chain in biodiesel, the two-step method is used to use acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and high grade long chain alcohol as raw materials. The intermediate acrylate and methacrylate were synthesized with p-methylbenzenesulfonic acid as esterification catalyst and hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor, and then acrylic ester and methacrylate, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride were used as raw materials. Two kinds of biodiesel depressants, polyacrylate and polymethacrylate, were synthesized using benzoyl peroxide as catalyst. The synthetic conditions of the two depressants were determined, and the depressant effect of these depressants on biodiesel was investigated. In the process of synthesis of polyacrylate depressant, the effects of raw material dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time on esterification and polymerization were investigated, and the depressant was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The results show that when the molar ratio of acrylic ester: maleic anhydride to vinyl acetate is 4: 1: 4, the reaction temperature is 8590 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1825603