原油的常減壓蒸餾過程的模擬與優(yōu)化
本文選題:原油的常減壓蒸餾 + 蒸餾塔 ; 參考:《齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:在石油煉制與化工過程中,原油常減壓蒸餾是其中的龍頭工藝,也被看作是原油深加工中的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)。煉油企業(yè)的耗能大戶是原油的常減壓蒸餾裝置.此裝置耗能約占煉油企業(yè)總能耗的25%左右。因此,其工藝操作狀況是決定石油工藝的全局的重要步驟。對煉油企業(yè)的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和對石油資源的能源利用率有著直接的影響。由于石油資源的持續(xù)大量開采,原油進(jìn)入劣質(zhì)化階段,隨著原油性質(zhì)的不斷改變。應(yīng)該對原來的生產(chǎn)裝置隨時調(diào)整其工藝操作參數(shù)。從而可以滿足不同操作要求的現(xiàn)有裝置。因此,為了在適應(yīng)原油性質(zhì)變化基礎(chǔ)上對原油的靈活加工。通常針對常減壓蒸餾裝置會采取一系列措施進(jìn)行不斷地改造。所以,各煉化企業(yè)都明確了生產(chǎn)的共同目標(biāo):優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)中工藝操作、提高原油產(chǎn)品的收率、降低生產(chǎn)中的能耗。而這一目標(biāo)實現(xiàn)的理論根據(jù)和操作基礎(chǔ)就是化工流程模擬與優(yōu)化這一技術(shù),并且此技術(shù)在實際生產(chǎn)過程中提供了許多理論參考,使生產(chǎn)中遇到的實際問題得到了很好的解決,并大大地促進(jìn)了企業(yè)的發(fā)展并提高了企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。為達(dá)到原油深加工的工藝要求,本文用流程模擬軟件Aspen HYSYS對原油的常減壓蒸餾流程進(jìn)行了模擬,并通過與工廠實際生產(chǎn)工藝流程參數(shù)進(jìn)行比較,從而證明了Aspen HYSYS對原油的常減壓蒸餾流程的模擬具有較高的生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用價值。本文通過研究得到的結(jié)果如下所示:1)運用Aspen Hysys流程模擬軟件,科學(xué)合理地規(guī)劃現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)流程,以原油的常減壓蒸餾裝置的標(biāo)定數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),在煉油過程中使用物性措施。設(shè)計模擬流程。進(jìn)行物料衡算。分析產(chǎn)品的恩氏蒸餾數(shù)據(jù)。對照分析經(jīng)過各種模擬結(jié)果。選出最合適的物性方法。對常減壓蒸餾裝置進(jìn)行精密的模擬流程。分析模擬結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的誤差。確定適宜的理論板數(shù)。2)運用Aspen Hysys軟件,研究工藝操作壓力、汽提蒸汽流量和進(jìn)料溫度等多種操作參數(shù),對裝置拔出率或者進(jìn)料汽化率所產(chǎn)生的一系列影響,并把此分析作為依據(jù),利用Aspen Hysys軟件提供的的優(yōu)化工具,優(yōu)化變量為初餾塔、減壓塔和常壓塔的進(jìn)料位置。把提高原油拔出率和提升經(jīng)濟(jì)效益作為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)。對常減壓蒸餾裝置進(jìn)行相對應(yīng)的模擬優(yōu)化。3)對于常減壓裝置,提出改進(jìn)方案,利用Aspen Hysys軟件對此進(jìn)行模擬計算。對比分析改進(jìn)方案和原方案的能耗和操作費用的差異。分析兩種方案的利弊。對此裝置提出最合理的改進(jìn)方案及工藝設(shè)計。
[Abstract]:In the process of petroleum refining and chemical engineering, atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil is one of the leading processes, and it is also regarded as the basic link in the further processing of crude oil. The energy consumption of oil refining enterprises is the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit of crude oil. The energy consumption of this unit accounts for about 25% of the total energy consumption of refinery enterprises. Therefore, the process operation condition is an important step to determine the overall situation of petroleum process. It has a direct effect on the comprehensive economic benefit of oil refining enterprises and on the energy efficiency of petroleum resources. Due to the continuous exploitation of petroleum resources, crude oil enters the stage of inferior quality and changes with the nature of crude oil. The process operation parameters should be adjusted at any time for the original production plant. Thus, the existing device can meet different operation requirements. Therefore, in order to adapt to the nature of crude oil on the basis of flexible processing. A series of measures are usually taken for atmospheric and vacuum distillation units to be continuously modified. Therefore, the common goal of each refining and chemical enterprise is to optimize the process operation, improve the yield of crude oil products, and reduce the energy consumption in production. The technology of chemical process simulation and optimization is the theoretical basis and operational basis for the realization of this goal, and it provides a lot of theoretical references in the actual production process, which makes the practical problems encountered in production to be solved very well. And greatly promote the development of enterprises and improve the economic benefits of enterprises. In order to meet the technological requirements of crude oil deep processing, the atmospheric and vacuum distillation process of crude oil was simulated by the process simulation software Aspen HYSYS, and compared with the actual production process parameters of the plant. It is proved that Aspen HYSYS has high application value in the simulation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation process of crude oil. In this paper, the results are shown as follows: (1) by using Aspen Hysys process simulation software, the existing production process is scientifically and reasonably planned. Based on the calibration data of atmospheric and vacuum distillation units of crude oil, physical property measures are used in the refining process. Design simulation flow. Carry out material accounting. Analyze the Endersen distillation data of the product. The simulation results were compared and analyzed. Choose the most suitable physical method. The precision simulation flow of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit is carried out. The error caused by the simulation result is analyzed. To determine the appropriate number of theoretical plates. 2) using Aspen Hysys software to study a series of operation parameters, such as operation pressure, stripping steam flow rate and feed temperature, which have a series of effects on pull-out rate or feed vaporization rate. On the basis of this analysis, using the optimization tools provided by Aspen Hysys software, the optimal variables are the feed position of the primary distillation column, the vacuum column and the atmospheric pressure column. To improve the crude oil extraction rate and enhance economic efficiency as the optimization objective. The corresponding simulation optimization of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit. 3) for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, an improved scheme is put forward, which is simulated and calculated by Aspen Hysys software. Compare and analyze the difference of energy consumption and operation cost between the improved scheme and the original scheme. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes. The most reasonable improvement scheme and process design for this device are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:TE624
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