本文選題：含水易凝原油 + 流變實驗　； 參考：《東北石油大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：對高凝、高黏和高含蠟原油,其常規(guī)集油工藝是耗能較高的伴熱工藝。為了節(jié)能降耗,可以在集輸管道中添加流動改進劑,以改善流動特性和降低集輸溫度。本文給出了含水易凝原油在圓管中流動特性和流變特性測量的相關(guān)理論,通過油田地面集輸管道流動和流變特性測試實驗,利用優(yōu)選的流動改進劑和加劑濃度,進行了管道中含水易凝原油加入流動改進劑后的流動特性研究,并將研究成果應用于大慶油田現(xiàn)場實驗。首先給出了含水易凝原油在圓管中的流動特性分析和流變特性測量的相關(guān)理論,得到了油水混合物在圓管中層流和紊流兩種流動狀態(tài)下流動特性規(guī)律,并給出了室內(nèi)細竹道流動和旋轉(zhuǎn)圓筒黏度計測得含水易凝原油流變參數(shù)的方法。根據(jù)上述含水易凝原油流變測量相關(guān)理論對大慶油田易凝原油和含水易凝原油的流變性進行了實驗研究。用流變儀測量了易凝原油和含水易凝原油的屈服應力特性、黏滯特性和觸變特性,得到溫度、剪切速率和含水率對其屈服值和表觀黏度的影響規(guī)律。根據(jù)加入流動改進劑后大慶油天含水易凝原油的乳狀液轉(zhuǎn)相點、油珠聚并溫度、凝油黏壁量、流動改進劑的破乳性能和凝油黏壁溫度等指標,評價DODE系列流動改進劑的性能,該流動改進劑可以明顯降低集油溫度。為研究加入流動改進劑后含水易凝原油的流動特性和優(yōu)選加劑濃度,進行了加DODE流動改進劑大慶油田含水易凝原油的室內(nèi)流動實驗,實驗管道采用三種直徑的圓管,實驗介質(zhì)為含水率30%～90%的大慶油田含水易凝原油,在流動改進劑不同加入濃度和實驗溫度條件下進行流動特性實驗。依據(jù)細管道流動特性實驗測得流變特性的相關(guān)理論,應用羅賓諾維奇—莫納(Robinowitsch-Mooney)方程,利用管道流動實驗參數(shù)確定加DODE流動改進劑含水易凝原油的流變性。結(jié)果表明,加流動改進劑的含水易凝原油為冪律流體,其流性指數(shù)小于1,屬于剪切稀化流體。進行加流動改進劑含水易凝原油停輸再啟動的室內(nèi)實驗,給出了大慶油田含水易凝原油集輸管道停輸再啟動過程中啟動壓力梯度與流動改進劑加入量、冷凝時間、原油含水率和管道直徑的相關(guān)規(guī)律。實驗結(jié)果表明,添加流動改進劑可以明顯降低啟動壓力梯度。在大慶油田10個采油廠,37座轉(zhuǎn)油站上進行了加入DODE流動改進劑現(xiàn)場實驗,實驗總油井數(shù)為2331口。實驗結(jié)果表明,集輸管道中含水易凝原油加入流動改進劑明顯改善流動特性,降低油井摻水溫度和回油溫度,應用期間集油系統(tǒng)的平均輸送噸油耗氣量大幅度下降,節(jié)能降耗效果明顯。
[Abstract]:For high coagulability, high viscosity and high waxy crude oil, the conventional oil gathering process is a heat tracing process with high energy consumption. In order to save energy and reduce consumption, the flow improver can be added to the gathering pipeline to improve the flow characteristics and reduce the gathering temperature. In this paper, the theory of measuring the flow and rheological characteristics of water-containing and easily condensed crude oil in circular pipes is presented. Through the experiments of flow and rheological characteristics of oil field surface gathering and transportation pipeline, the optimal flow improver and concentration of additive are used. The flow characteristics of easily coagulable crude oil with water cut in pipeline were studied after adding flow improver, and the results were applied to the field experiment of Yu Daqing oilfield. Firstly, the flow characteristic analysis and rheological characteristics measurement of water-soluble crude oil in circular pipe are presented. The flow characteristics of oil-water mixture in laminar flow and turbulent flow in circular pipe are obtained. The rheological parameters of porous crude oil with water content and easy to coagulate are obtained by measuring the flow of fine bamboo channel and the viscosity of rotating cylinder. Based on the rheological measurement theory, rheological properties of easily condensable crude oil and water-cut crude oil in Daqing oilfield are studied experimentally. The yield stress, viscosity and thixotropic properties of easily coagulable crude oil and water-bearing crude oil were measured by rheometer. The effects of temperature, shear rate and water content on yield value and apparent viscosity were obtained. The properties of DODE series flow improvers were evaluated according to the emulsion phase transition point of Daqing oil with water cut and easily coagulable crude oil after the addition of flow improver, the aggregation temperature of oil beads, the amount of condensed oil viscosity wall, the demulsification performance of flow improver and the viscosity wall temperature of condensing oil. The flow improver can obviously reduce the temperature of oil collector. In order to study the flow characteristics and concentration of water-soluble easily coagulant crude oil after adding flow improver, the laboratory flow experiment of water-cut easily coagulable crude oil in Daqing oilfield with DODE flow improver was carried out. The experimental medium is 30% water cut and 90% water cut crude oil in Daqing Oilfield. The flow characteristics of the crude oil are tested under the conditions of different concentration of flow improver and experimental temperature. Based on the theory of rheological properties measured by the flow characteristics experiment of fine pipes, the rheological properties of crude oil with DODE flow improver were determined by using Robinowitsch-Mooneyy equation and the experimental parameters of pipeline flow. The results show that the water-bearing crude oil with flow improver is a power law fluid, and its flowability index is less than 1, which is a shear-thinning fluid. The laboratory experiment of stopping and restarting of crude oil with water cut and easy coagulant with flow improver was carried out, and the starting pressure gradient, the amount of flow improver and the time of condensing during the shutdown and restarting process of gathering and transporting pipeline of water cut and easy coagulable crude oil in Daqing Oilfield were given. Correlation between water cut of crude oil and diameter of pipeline. The experimental results show that the starting pressure gradient can be significantly reduced by adding flow improver. The field experiment of adding DODE flow improver to 37 transfer stations in 10 oil production plants of Daqing Oilfield was carried out. The total number of oil wells was 2331. The experimental results show that the addition of water-containing and easily condensable crude oil to flow improver can obviously improve the flow characteristics and reduce the water and return temperature of oil wells. During the application, the average gas consumption of the oil gathering system per ton of oil is greatly reduced. The effect of saving energy and reducing consumption is obvious.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832

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