本文選題：頁巖儲(chǔ)層　切入點(diǎn)：天然裂縫　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：頁巖氣作為一種非常規(guī)油氣資源,目前已成為我國天然氣開發(fā)的重點(diǎn)。受到頁巖儲(chǔ)層低孔超低滲透物性特征的影響,頁巖氣的經(jīng)濟(jì)開采必須依靠水平鉆井和壓裂改造才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。在對(duì)含有天然裂縫且脆性較強(qiáng)的頁巖儲(chǔ)層進(jìn)行壓裂時(shí),水力裂縫必然溝通或擴(kuò)展天然裂縫,通過不斷延伸與更多遠(yuǎn)井天然裂縫進(jìn)一步相交,最終在儲(chǔ)層中形成大規(guī)模、不規(guī)則的復(fù)雜裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)。準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測復(fù)雜縫網(wǎng)的波及范圍是頁巖氣藏水力壓裂優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。論文基于流體力學(xué)、彈性力學(xué)和滲流力學(xué)的相關(guān)理論知識(shí),建立了裂縫內(nèi)壓降方程、連續(xù)性方程和裂縫變形方程,考慮了水力裂縫與天然裂縫相交作用模式,建立了復(fù)雜裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型；對(duì)縫網(wǎng)模型進(jìn)行了差分求解,同時(shí)分析了地層參數(shù)與施工參數(shù)對(duì)改造體積的影響。論文主要內(nèi)容包括以下幾方面： (1)根據(jù)水力裂縫與天然裂縫相交過程中可能出現(xiàn)的各種破裂方式,基于彈性力學(xué)和巖石力學(xué)相關(guān)理論,建立了相應(yīng)破裂模式下的裂縫相交作用準(zhǔn)則,利用所建立的準(zhǔn)則對(duì)相交點(diǎn)處可能發(fā)生的破裂情況進(jìn)行了全面的分析和計(jì)算。該準(zhǔn)則為研究水力裂縫相交天然裂縫后的延伸路徑提供了手段。 (2)基于滲流力學(xué)、彈性力學(xué)和流體力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論,建立了由裂縫系統(tǒng)中的液體流動(dòng)方程、物質(zhì)平衡方程、連續(xù)性方程和裂縫變形方程控制的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)裂縫延伸模型；通過有限差分?jǐn)?shù)值計(jì)算方法并應(yīng)用VB語言編制了縫網(wǎng)波及體積模擬計(jì)算程序。 (3)通過編制的計(jì)算程序,對(duì)影響縫網(wǎng)波及體積的地質(zhì)因素和工程因素進(jìn)行了敏感性分析。結(jié)果表明以更大的液量、較低的壓裂液黏度和排量施工,可以獲得更大的儲(chǔ)層改造體積；在相同的施工條件下,具有高彈性模量、低水平應(yīng)力差的儲(chǔ)層,獲得的改造體積更大；天然裂縫密度越大的儲(chǔ)層,改造體積越小。此外,根據(jù)裂縫交點(diǎn)處的裂縫寬度數(shù)據(jù),獲得了整個(gè)波及范圍內(nèi)的縫寬分布云圖。
[Abstract]:Shale gas, as an unconventional oil and gas resource, has become the focus of natural gas development in China.The economic exploitation of shale gas depends on horizontal drilling and fracturing under the influence of the physical properties of low porosity and ultra-low permeability in shale reservoir.When fracturing shale reservoirs with natural fractures and strong brittleness, hydraulic fractures must communicate or expand natural fractures, and further intersect with more natural fractures in remote wells, and finally form a large scale in the reservoir.Irregular network of complex cracks.Accurate prediction of complex fracture network is the key to the optimal design of hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoir.Based on the theoretical knowledge of fluid mechanics, elastic mechanics and seepage mechanics, the pressure drop equation, continuity equation and fracture deformation equation are established, and the interaction mode between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture is considered.The complex fracture network model is established, the difference solution of the fracture mesh model is carried out, and the influence of formation parameters and construction parameters on the reconstruction volume is analyzed.The main contents of this paper are as follows:1) according to various fracture modes that may occur in the process of intersecting hydraulic fracture with natural fracture, based on the theory of elastic mechanics and rock mechanics, the criterion of fracture intersecting under the corresponding fracture mode is established.By using the established criterion, the possible fracture at the intersection point is analyzed and calculated.This criterion provides a means for studying the extension path of hydraulic fracture intersecting natural fracture.2) based on the basic theories of seepage mechanics, elastic mechanics and fluid mechanics, a complex network crack extension model controlled by fluid flow equation, mass balance equation, continuity equation and fracture deformation equation is established.Based on the finite difference numerical method and VB language, a computer program for the simulation of slit network and its volume is developed.3) the sensitivity analysis of geological and engineering factors which affect the swept volume of seams is carried out through the calculation program.The results show that with larger fluid volume, lower fracturing fluid viscosity and displacement, larger reservoir reconstruction volume can be obtained, and under the same construction conditions, the reservoir with high elastic modulus and low horizontal stress difference can obtain larger reconstruction volume.The larger the density of natural fractures, the smaller the reconstruction volume.In addition, according to the data of fracture width at the intersection of fractures, the distribution of crack width in the whole sweep range is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.1

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