本文選題：含油污泥　切入點(diǎn)：資源化　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在石油石化相關(guān)企業(yè)進(jìn)行原油開(kāi)采、石油煉制與運(yùn)輸、污水處理過(guò)程中,由于井下作業(yè)、運(yùn)輸不當(dāng)以及罐底沉降等原因,使我國(guó)每年新產(chǎn)生上百萬(wàn)噸的含油污泥。這些含油污泥含有大量的石油類(lèi)物質(zhì)和有毒重金屬等成分,并伴隨惡臭難聞氣味,與大自然直接接觸將嚴(yán)重污染土壤、空氣和水質(zhì),繼而擴(kuò)大惡化區(qū)域危害污染區(qū)域人類(lèi)健康。同時(shí),大量的原油資源也造成了浪費(fèi)。因此,針對(duì)不用性質(zhì)來(lái)源的含油污泥進(jìn)行綜合有效的治理與回收再利用刻不容緩。本文基于環(huán)保、節(jié)能降耗和資源化利用的目的,在含油污泥特性研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了含油污泥輕質(zhì)油循環(huán)熱洗+油水蒸餾分離的處理技術(shù),使輕質(zhì)油循環(huán)熱洗后的含油污泥達(dá)到處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。針對(duì)某油田含油污泥,優(yōu)選出可回收再利用性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定的輕質(zhì)油清洗液,并以此為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。在對(duì)含油污泥進(jìn)行特定分析后,采用輕質(zhì)油循環(huán)熱洗含油污泥的方法進(jìn)行多次室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。根據(jù)上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果篩選最佳輕質(zhì)油熱洗含油污泥的工藝條件(溫度、時(shí)間、液固質(zhì)量比等)并繼續(xù)清洗油泥實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明輕質(zhì)油多次循環(huán)熱洗可有效去除含油污泥中的原油,使處理后的污泥含油量降到很低。根據(jù)分離出的污油的組成特性與乳化機(jī)理,采用蒸餾脫水的方式對(duì)污油進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。在進(jìn)一步模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)污油蒸餾脫水的可行性、脫水的工藝參數(shù)、脫水暴沸控制等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行深入實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析加熱蒸餾污油處理效果的影響因素,并對(duì)處理后的輕質(zhì)油進(jìn)行回收再利用。最后優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)污油脫水處理最佳工藝參數(shù)及撬裝含油污泥處理主體裝置結(jié)構(gòu)方案,對(duì)裝置中有特定要求的管線(xiàn)及設(shè)備做出規(guī)定。為含油污泥資源化綜合處理提供了建議及參考,同時(shí)為下一步大規(guī)模的工業(yè)化處理提供了寶貴的試驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:In the course of crude oil production, petroleum refining and transportation, and sewage treatment in petroleum and petrochemical related enterprises, due to underground operation, improper transportation and tank bottom settlement, Millions of new tons of oily sludge are produced every year in our country. These oily sludge contain a large amount of petroleum substances and toxic heavy metals, and are accompanied by a foul smell. Direct contact with nature will seriously pollute the soil, air and water quality. In turn, the worsening area is harmful to the human health of the polluted region. At the same time, a large amount of crude oil resources are also wasted. It is urgent to carry out comprehensive and effective treatment and recovery and reuse of oily sludge from non-essential sources. Based on the purpose of environmental protection, energy saving, consumption reduction and resource utilization, the characteristics of oily sludge are studied in this paper. In this paper, the treatment technology of oil-water distillation separation of oily sludge with light oil circulating heat washing is put forward, which makes the oily sludge after heat washing of light oil cycle up to the standard of treatment. In view of the oily sludge in an oil field, The light oil cleaning liquid which can be recovered and reused is selected, and the experimental scheme is designed on the basis of it. After the specific analysis of oily sludge, A series of laboratory experiments were carried out by using the method of light oil circulation heat washing of oily sludge. According to the above experimental results, the optimum process conditions (temperature, time, liquid-solid mass ratio, etc.) of heat washing oily sludge with light oil were selected and the oil sludge was cleaned continuously. The results show that the oil in oily sludge can be effectively removed by repeated heat washing of light oil, and the oil content of treated sludge can be reduced to a very low level. According to the composition characteristics and emulsifying mechanism of the separated sewage oil, the oil content of the treated sludge can be reduced to a very low level. On the basis of further simulation experiments, the feasibility of distilled oil dehydration, dehydration process parameters, dehydration burst boiling control and other key technologies are studied. The factors affecting the treatment effect of waste oil by heating distillation are analyzed, and the light oil after treatment is recycled and reused. Finally, the optimum technological parameters of dewatering treatment of waste oil and the structure scheme of the main unit for prying oily sludge treatment are optimized. It provides advice and reference for comprehensive treatment of oily sludge resources, and provides valuable experimental basis and experience for the next large-scale industrial treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X74

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