本文選題：南海　切入點：油氣鉆井平臺　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著陸地油氣儲量日益減少而人類需求不斷增加,海洋油氣資源開發(fā)已成為國際趨勢。南海油氣資源豐富,是我國未來重要的能源基地,關(guān)乎我國海洋權(quán)益維護、資源能源戰(zhàn)略和區(qū)域和平發(fā)展。目前,南海油氣資源開發(fā)已成為各方戰(zhàn)略利益沖突的重心,越南、馬來西亞、菲律賓等國先后將油氣開采范圍深入我國海疆線內(nèi),嚴重威脅我國的能源安全和主權(quán)完整。因此,針對南海油氣資源爭端日益加劇、南海油氣鉆井平臺空間信息研究匱乏等現(xiàn)象,研究在多源遙感影像的支持下,通過時間序列影像策略和分層篩選策略,基于油氣鉆井平臺位置不變特征和大小不變特征,實現(xiàn)了南海油氣鉆井平臺空間位置信息的自動提取。以期能夠快速、及時、準(zhǔn)確地掌握南海海域油氣資源開發(fā)狀況,為我國海洋油氣勘探、海洋環(huán)境管理和海洋安全維護提供技術(shù)支持和決策輔助。研究的主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)針對油氣鉆井平臺在DMSP/OLS夜間燈光數(shù)據(jù)上的上下文特征,采用高斯濾波、均值濾波及閾值提取等方法,提取油氣鉆井平臺區(qū)域,并在提取結(jié)果的引導(dǎo)下確定油氣鉆井平臺位置靶區(qū),指導(dǎo)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的收集。(2)通過對Landsat-8 OLI遙感影像進行輻射定標(biāo)和增強處理,采用時間序列影像策略和分層篩選策略,基于油氣鉆井平臺位置不變特征和大小不變特征排除艦船、云等虛警,提取南海油氣鉆井平臺空間位置信息;通過陸地掩膜排除陸上和近岸虛警,實現(xiàn)南海油氣鉆井平臺空間位置信息的自動提取。經(jīng)驗證,提取精度為漏判率3.8%,誤判率低于1%。(3)在時間序列影像支持下,結(jié)合高分影像上的形態(tài)特征,以及英國海洋數(shù)據(jù)中心(British Oceanographic Data Centre,BODC)提供的水深數(shù)據(jù),對南海油氣鉆井平臺的年齡、類型、深度等特征進行提取,從而建立南海全覆蓋的油氣鉆井平臺空間和屬性特征數(shù)據(jù)集。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)研究共提取南海油氣鉆井平臺1075個。其中,中國60個,越南125個,菲律賓13個,泰國306個,馬來西亞341個,印尼32個,文萊129個,越南-泰國-柬埔寨爭議區(qū)33個,泰-馬海上共同開發(fā)區(qū)有25個,馬-越大陸架邊界區(qū)有11個。(2)到2014年,越南、馬來西亞等國家共有60個鉆井平臺位于我國海疆線內(nèi),對我國南海油氣資源進行非法開采。其中,越南自1999年起深入我國海域內(nèi)進行油氣資源非法開采,共建有5個油氣鉆井平臺;馬來西亞早在1992年就已經(jīng)在我國海域建設(shè)了 9個油氣鉆井平臺,到2014年增加至55個。(3)1992年之前南海海域共有油氣鉆井平臺233個,2014年增加至1075個。南海油氣鉆井平臺包括725個小型平臺,171個大型平臺,84個復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)式平臺和95個鉆井浮船。南海周邊國家的油氣資源勘探開發(fā)多在淺海中進行,有99%的平臺位于淺海海域(500 m),其中1037個平臺作業(yè)水深小于100 m,31個介于101-500 m之間;2005年后出現(xiàn)深海(501-1500 m)油氣鉆井平臺7個。
[Abstract]:With the decrease of terrestrial oil and gas reserves and the increasing human demand, the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources has become an international trend. The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources and is an important energy base in the future of China, which is related to the protection of marine rights and interests in China. Resource and energy strategy and regional peaceful development. At present, the exploitation of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea has become the focus of strategic conflicts of interest of all parties. Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines and other countries have successively penetrated the oil and gas exploitation scope into the maritime boundary line of our country. The energy security and sovereignty integrity of China are seriously threatened. Therefore, in view of the increasingly serious disputes over oil and gas resources in the South China Sea and the lack of spatial information research on oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea, the research is supported by multi-source remote sensing images. Through time series image strategy and stratified screening strategy, based on the invariant location and size invariant features of oil and gas drilling platform, the automatic extraction of spatial location information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is realized in order to be quick and timely. To accurately grasp the status of oil and gas resources development in the South China Sea, in order to facilitate the exploration of offshore oil and gas in China, Marine environmental management and marine safety maintenance provide technical support and decision support. The main contents of the research include: (1) aiming at the contextual features of oil and gas drilling platforms on DMSP/OLS night lighting data, Gao Si filter is used. The mean filter and threshold extraction are used to extract the oil and gas drilling platform area, and under the guidance of the extraction results, the location target area of the oil and gas drilling platform is determined. Through radiometric calibration and enhancement of Landsat-8 OLI remote sensing images, time series image strategy and stratified screening strategy are adopted to exclude ships based on invariant location and size invariant features of oil and gas drilling platform. The spatial location information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is extracted by cloud false alarm, and the spatial position information of oil and gas drilling platform in the South China Sea is automatically extracted by eliminating false alarm on land and near shore through land mask. With the support of time series images, combining with the morphological characteristics of high score images and the water depth data provided by British Oceanographic Data Centre BODC, the age and type of oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea are studied. The data set of spatial and attribute features of oil and gas drilling platforms with full coverage in the South China Sea is established. The results show that 1075 oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea have been extracted from the study, including 60 in China and 125 in Vietnam. The Philippines 13, Thailand 306, Malaysia 341, Indonesia 32, Brunei 129, Vietnam-Thailand-Cambodia 33, Thailand-Malaysia Sea Joint Development Zone 25, Malaysia-Vietnam Continental Shelf Boundary 11. Malaysia and other countries have a total of 60 drilling platforms located in China's maritime boundary line, carrying out illegal exploitation of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea. Among them, Vietnam has been carrying out illegal exploitation of oil and gas resources in the waters of China since 1999. Malaysia has built nine oil and gas drilling platforms in the waters of China as early as 1992. The total number of oil and gas drilling platforms in the South China Sea increased to 1075 in 2014, up from 233 before 1992. There are 725 small platforms, 171 large platforms, 84 complex structural platforms and 95 drilling wells in the South China Sea. Floating vessels. Exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the surrounding countries of the South China Sea are mostly carried out in shallow waters. 99% of the platforms are located in the shallow sea area, of which 1037 platforms have a water depth of less than 100m, and 31 platforms are between 101-500m. After 2005, 7 oil and gas drilling platforms have appeared in the deep sea area of 501-1500m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE951

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