本文選題：鉆機　切入點：液壓盤式制動器　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：鉆機液壓盤式制動器是絞車的關鍵部件,直接影響著鉆機的操作性能。在制動過程中,摩擦副表面產(chǎn)生的熱量使得剎車盤表面逐漸產(chǎn)生熱疲勞裂紋可能會導致剎車盤失效,進而使得鉆機液壓盤式制動器存在安全隱患。因此,對鉆機液壓盤式制動器進行熱-機耦合分析與優(yōu)化對鉆井設備和人員的安全都有非常重要的意義。本文以某鉆機液壓盤式制動器為研究對象,對鉆機液壓盤式制動器的熱-機耦合分析與優(yōu)化進行了研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:1)按照鉆機液壓水冷式盤式制動器的實際尺寸,運用有限元軟件ABAQUS前處理模塊對剎車副進行三維建模并劃分單元格,根據(jù)熱-機耦合研究的基礎理論設置相應的邊界條件,最終建立熱-機耦合有限元模型。2)根據(jù)每個工況不同的特點對鉆機液壓盤式制動器進行三維瞬態(tài)溫度場、應力場的耦合仿真分析,得到了剎車盤在緊急制動、駐車制動和連續(xù)制動工況下的溫度場、應力場分布規(guī)律。研究結果表明:在制動前期,剎車盤的溫度場、等效應力場分布都呈非軸對稱分布,最大溫度值和最大等效應力值呈鋸齒狀上升趨勢;在制動后期,剎車盤的溫度場、等效應力場分布逐漸呈軸對稱分布,整個剎車盤表面上的溫度值和等效應力值都比較高,最大溫度值和最大等效應力值呈鋸齒狀下降趨勢;制動時,剎車盤表面周向溫度梯度最小,徑向和軸向溫度梯度較大,周向應力比徑向應力大且軸向應力最小。3)應用控制變量法,重點研究了影響剎車盤溫度場和應力場分布的工況參數(shù)和材料特性參數(shù)。研究結果表明:減小制動初速度和制動壓力,增大冷卻水流速度和對流換熱系數(shù)等工況參數(shù),減小摩擦系數(shù)、彈性模量、熱膨脹系數(shù),增大導熱系數(shù)和比熱容等材料特性參數(shù),可以有效降低剎車盤表面最高溫度值和最大等效熱應力值。4)建立剎車盤工況因素和材料特性因素的優(yōu)化方法,優(yōu)化剎車盤散熱性。研究結果表明:與優(yōu)化之前相比,最高溫度降幅12.409%,最大等效熱應力值降幅13.379%,證明整體優(yōu)化方案是真實可行的。本文仿真分析結論對鉆機液壓盤式制動器的優(yōu)化設計提供一定的依據(jù)和參考。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig is a key component of winch, which directly affects the operating performance of drilling rig. During braking process, heat generated from the surface of friction pair may lead to thermal fatigue crack on the surface of brake disc, which may lead to the failure of brake disc. Therefore, the hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig has a hidden safety hazard. The thermo-mechanical coupling analysis and optimization of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are very important to the safety of drilling equipment and personnel. The thermo-mechanical coupling analysis and optimization of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are studied. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) according to the actual size of hydraulic water-cooled disc brake of drilling rig, The finite element software ABAQUS preprocessing module is used to model the brake pair and divide the cell into three dimensions. According to the basic theory of thermal-mechanical coupling, the corresponding boundary conditions are set up. Finally, the thermo-mechanical coupling finite element model. 2) according to the different characteristics of each working condition, the three-dimensional transient temperature field and stress field of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig are simulated and analyzed, and the brake disc is under emergency braking. The distribution of temperature field and stress field under the condition of parking brake and continuous braking is studied. The results show that the distribution of temperature field and equal effect force field of brake disc is non-axisymmetric in the early stage of braking. The maximum temperature value and the maximum equal effect force value showed a serrated upward trend, the temperature field and the equal effect force field distribution of the brake disc gradually presented axisymmetric distribution at the later stage of braking, the temperature value and the equal effect force value on the whole brake disc surface were all relatively high. The maximum temperature value and the maximum equivalent effect force value showed a sawtooth downward trend, the circumferential temperature gradient on the surface of the brake disc was the smallest, and the radial and axial temperature gradient was larger during braking. The circumferential stress is larger than the radial stress and the axial stress is the smallest. 3) the control variable method is used. The parameters of working condition and material characteristic which affect the distribution of temperature field and stress field of brake disc are studied in detail. The results show that the initial braking speed and braking pressure are reduced, the cooling water flow velocity and convection heat transfer coefficient are increased, and the working condition parameters such as cooling water flow velocity and convection heat transfer coefficient are increased. Decrease friction coefficient, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, increase heat conductivity and specific heat capacity, etc. It can effectively reduce the maximum temperature value and maximum equivalent thermal stress value of brake disc surface. 4) establish the optimization method of brake disc working condition factor and material characteristic factor, and optimize the heat dissipation of brake disc. The results show that: compared with before optimization, The maximum temperature drop is 12.409 and the maximum equivalent thermal stress value is 13.379, which proves the feasibility of the whole optimization scheme. The conclusion of simulation analysis in this paper provides a certain basis and reference for the optimization design of hydraulic disc brake of drilling rig.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE922

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本文編號：1639437