本文選題：雙重介質(zhì)　切入點(diǎn)：體積源　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：雙重介質(zhì)用以描述天然裂縫發(fā)育或體積壓裂后形成裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)的儲(chǔ)層,其滲流理論廣泛地應(yīng)用于試井分析、產(chǎn)能評(píng)價(jià)、儲(chǔ)層裂縫預(yù)測(cè)、開發(fā)方案優(yōu)化等方面。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)雙重介質(zhì)滲流理論和應(yīng)用已經(jīng)有了大量的研究成果,但主要集中于直井、垂直裂縫井、水平井的滲流問題,而針對(duì)分段壓裂水平井的研究較少,并且關(guān)于頁巖氣藏滲流問題的研究也待進(jìn)一步深化。雙重介質(zhì)滲流問題的求解一般基于Laplace變換,結(jié)合相應(yīng)的數(shù)值反演方法,可很好地應(yīng)用于求解變流率生產(chǎn)等滲流問題;然而考慮水平井管流、高速非達(dá)西流動(dòng)等壓力和流量呈現(xiàn)非線性關(guān)系時(shí)的問題不能進(jìn)行Laplace變換,使這類滲流問題成為傳統(tǒng)雙重介質(zhì)滲流理論中難以克服的頑疾。此類非線性滲流問題在實(shí)空間的半解析求解方法已經(jīng)非常成熟,主要通過離散時(shí)間求解每個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的流量,由此可知實(shí)空間中的基本解是采用此類半解析方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)。探尋雙重介質(zhì)滲流模型的實(shí)空間求解方法是解決此類滲流問題、完善雙重介質(zhì)滲流理論的最佳途徑。本文針對(duì)常規(guī)雙重介質(zhì)油氣藏和頁巖氣藏,采用體積源方法研究非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流問題。綜合應(yīng)用滲流力學(xué)、油藏工程、偏微分方程、數(shù)值計(jì)算、計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)等知識(shí),以建立雙重介質(zhì)非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流模型為起點(diǎn),推導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的體積源函數(shù),并闡述在不同類型的井的生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)分析中的應(yīng)用,最后將論文主要理論算法程序化。主要取得如下成果:(1)從常規(guī)雙重介質(zhì)油氣藏、頁巖氣藏基本滲流原理出發(fā),采用體積源方法建立三維空間非穩(wěn)態(tài)滲流模型;采用積分變換法進(jìn)行求解,分別求取實(shí)空間和Laplace空間的體積源函數(shù),并分析不同空間中體積源函數(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍。(2)針對(duì)不同假設(shè)(均勻流量假設(shè)、無限導(dǎo)流假設(shè)、有限導(dǎo)流假設(shè))下不同類型的井(直井、垂直裂縫井、水平井、分段壓裂水平井),根據(jù)體積源函數(shù),結(jié)合疊加原理和源內(nèi)流動(dòng)壓降模型建立相應(yīng)的壓力動(dòng)態(tài)模型,并與傳統(tǒng)理論模型的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證雙重介質(zhì)體積源函數(shù)的有效性,展示體積源方法相比于傳統(tǒng)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),并分析各參數(shù)對(duì)壓力動(dòng)態(tài)的影響。(3)針對(duì)裂縫性油氣藏,建立考慮水平井管流壓降、人工裂縫內(nèi)高速非達(dá)西流動(dòng)壓降的半解析產(chǎn)能評(píng)價(jià)模型;分析人工裂縫參數(shù)間的相互關(guān)系,并依此提出新的裂縫參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法。(4)基于雙重介質(zhì)體積源滲流模型,采用Visual Basic 6.0編制分段壓裂水平井產(chǎn)能評(píng)價(jià)軟件,應(yīng)用于均質(zhì)/雙重介質(zhì)油氣藏分段壓裂壓前參數(shù)優(yōu)化及壓后產(chǎn)能評(píng)價(jià)之中。通過研究表明,體積源方法可良好地應(yīng)用于研究雙重介質(zhì)中線性和非線性滲流問題,并且繼承了在均質(zhì)儲(chǔ)層中應(yīng)用時(shí)的優(yōu)點(diǎn):函數(shù)性質(zhì)優(yōu)良、計(jì)算步驟簡便、基本源函數(shù)適應(yīng)性更好、在結(jié)構(gòu)更為復(fù)雜的井中應(yīng)用時(shí)效率更高。論文的研究對(duì)裂縫性儲(chǔ)層、非常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層的開發(fā)有積極的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The dual medium is used to describe the reservoir where the natural fracture develops or the fracture network is formed after volume fracturing. Its percolation theory is widely used in well test analysis, productivity evaluation and reservoir fracture prediction. Domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of research achievements on the theory and application of dual medium seepage, but they mainly focus on the percolation problems of vertical fractured wells, horizontal wells, vertical fractured wells, and horizontal wells. However, the research on the horizontal well of fracturing is less, and the research on the seepage problem of shale gas reservoir needs to be further deepened. The solution of the seepage problem of dual medium is usually based on Laplace transform and combined with the corresponding numerical inversion method. It can be well applied to solve the problem of isoseepage in variable flow rate production. However, when the pressure and flow rate of high speed non-Darcy flow are nonlinear, the problem can not be transformed by Laplace, considering the pipe flow in horizontal well, and the non-Darcy flow at high speed. This kind of seepage problem has become an intractable problem in the traditional double medium seepage theory. The semi-analytical solution method for this kind of nonlinear seepage problem in real space is very mature, and the flow rate in each time period is mainly solved by discrete time. It can be seen that the basic solution in real space is the basis of this kind of semi-analytical method. The best way to perfect the theory of dual medium percolation. In this paper, the volume source method is used to study the problem of unsteady flow in conventional dual medium reservoirs and shale gas reservoirs. Comprehensive application of percolation mechanics, reservoir engineering, partial differential equation, numerical calculation, Based on the knowledge of computer programming, the volume source function is derived from the establishment of a dual medium unsteady flow model, and its application in the production dynamic analysis of different types of wells is expounded. Finally, the main theoretical algorithms are programmed. The main achievements are as follows: 1) based on the basic percolation principle of conventional dual medium reservoir and shale gas reservoir, the volume source method is used to establish the three-dimensional spatial unsteady seepage model. The volume source functions of real space and Laplace space are obtained by using integral transformation method, and the range of application of volume source function in different space is analyzed. Different types of wells (vertical well, vertical fracture well, horizontal well, segmented fracturing horizontal well) under the finite diversion hypothesis, according to volume source function, combined with the superposition principle and the flow pressure drop model in the source, the corresponding pressure dynamic model is established. Compared with the results of the traditional theoretical model, the validity of the volume source function of the dual medium is verified, the advantages of the volume source method compared with the traditional method are demonstrated, and the influence of various parameters on the pressure performance is analyzed. A semi-analytical productivity evaluation model considering pipe pressure drop and non-Darcy flow pressure drop in artificial fractures is established, and the relationship between parameters of artificial fractures is analyzed. Based on the dual medium volume source seepage model and Visual Basic 6.0, a new fracture parameter optimization design method, I. e., the productivity evaluation software for horizontal well fracturing is presented. It is applied to the optimization of parameters before fracturing and the evaluation of productivity after fracturing in homogeneous / double heavy medium reservoirs. The results show that the volume source method can be applied to the study of linear and nonlinear percolation problems in dual media. And inherited the advantages of application in homogeneous reservoir: good function property, simple calculation procedure, better adaptability of basic source function, and higher efficiency when applied in wells with more complicated structure. The development of unconventional reservoir has positive guiding significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE312

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