本文選題：降凝劑　切入點(diǎn)：原油　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為世界能源的主要供給者,石油在當(dāng)代社會的重要性日益顯著。隨著世界石油需求量的不斷增加,進(jìn)一步有效利用高蠟高稠原油資源的必要性日益凸顯,特別是隨著現(xiàn)有油田的不斷開發(fā),開采后期高蠟高稠原油所占比例越來越高,更增加了其重要性。高蠟高稠原油的高含蠟和高粘性使得原油的工業(yè)應(yīng)用條件更加苛刻。因此,有效降低高蠟高稠原油的凝點(diǎn)和粘性具有深刻的工業(yè)意義,從而構(gòu)成了油田化學(xué)研究的難點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。第一部分實(shí)驗(yàn)采用分散聚合法,分散劑為聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),分散介質(zhì)為無水乙醇,合成了含有咪唑環(huán)、磺酸基團(tuán)和酯基的三元共聚物——聚(乙烯基咪唑-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)三元共聚物(PVAS)。對聚合物進(jìn)行了傅里葉紅外光譜(FTIR)、核磁共振氫譜(]NMR)、熱失重(TGA)和激光光散射(DLS)等表征。以大慶油田原油為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象,采用差示掃描熱分析(DSC)和石油凝點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)儀對其進(jìn)行了降凝效果的研究。并通過正交試驗(yàn)確定了最佳的單體配比、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間和引發(fā)劑用量；采用單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)法確定了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的最佳用量。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明當(dāng)降凝劑加入量為600ppm,與原油熱處理溫度為80℃時具有最佳的降凝效果。采用分子模擬對含有咪唑環(huán)、磺酸基和酯基類高蠟稠油降凝聚合物的作用過程進(jìn)行了分子動力學(xué)模擬計(jì)算,對實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。在對降凝機(jī)理做了一定分析闡述的前提下,對組分進(jìn)行了勢能和非鍵能的模擬,在模擬的溫度條件,體系勢能逐漸增加并趨于穩(wěn)定,而體系非鍵能的數(shù)值很小,且基本沒有變化。于是初步可以得到加入降凝劑后的原油中石蠟具有聚集于降凝劑分子的特性；能量模擬可以得出勢能逐步提高并穩(wěn)定,體系微觀密度有所下降。該聚合物在理論和實(shí)際上均具有降低原油凝固點(diǎn)的作用。第二部分實(shí)驗(yàn)采用分散聚合法,分散劑采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),分散介質(zhì)采用無水乙醇,反應(yīng)制備了以馬來酸酐和甲基丙烯酸十八酯為單體的二元共聚物(PSMA-a),并對聚合物用苯胺進(jìn)行酰胺化處理得到降凝劑——苯胺胺解解聚(馬來酸酐-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)PSMA。采用傅里葉紅外光譜(FTIR)和熱失重(TGA)對聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)和熱穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行表征。以大慶油田原油為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象,采用差示掃描熱分析(DSC)、石油凝點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)儀和石油產(chǎn)品運(yùn)動粘度計(jì)對其進(jìn)行了降凝降粘性能的研究。并通過正交試驗(yàn)確定了最佳的反應(yīng)時間、反應(yīng)溫度、單體配比和引發(fā)劑用量。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明當(dāng)降凝劑加入量為750ppm, PVP用量為單體總質(zhì)量的8%時具有最佳的降凝降粘效果。
[Abstract]:As the main supplier of energy in the world, oil is becoming more and more important in the contemporary society. With the increasing demand for oil in the world, the necessity of making further effective use of high-wax and high-dense crude oil resources has become increasingly prominent. In particular, with the continuous development of existing oil fields, the proportion of high-waxy and high-viscous crude oil is increasing in the late stage of exploitation, which increases its importance. The high wax content and high viscosity of high-waxy and high-viscous crude oil make the industrial application conditions of crude oil more demanding. It is of great industrial significance to effectively reduce the condensate point and viscosity of high wax and high viscous crude oil, which constitutes the difficulty and hot spot of oil field chemistry research. The first part of the experiment adopts dispersion polymerization method. The dispersant was polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the dispersing medium was ethanol (anhydrous), which contained imidazole ring. The copolymer of sulfonate group and ester group-poly (vinyl imidazolyl-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-18 ester) copolymer was prepared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). (] NMRA, TGA and DLSs. The crude oil in Daqing Oilfield was used as the experimental object. The anticoagulant effect was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and petroleum condensate point tester. The optimum monomer ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and initiator dosage were determined by orthogonal test. The optimum dosage of polyvinylpyrrolidone was determined by single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimum decoagulant effect was obtained when the amount of pour point depressant was 600 ppm and the heat treatment temperature of crude oil was 80 鈩，

本文編號：1594240