本文關鍵詞： 單管集輸 仿真模擬 清管周期 優(yōu)化　出處：《東北石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目前,國內(nèi)大多數(shù)油田原油含蠟成分較高,為保證油田正常生產(chǎn),普遍采用摻水集油的集輸工藝,將熱水與采出液混合的方式,保持集輸管線內(nèi)溫度高于凝點的方式來進行集油。但隨著油田開發(fā)的不斷深入,油井采出液含水量以及井口出液油溫升高,采出液不加熱輸送可以實現(xiàn),油田低溫集輸技術得以推廣應用。近年來,低溫集輸工藝的研究,原油集輸工藝已經(jīng)由摻水集輸逐漸轉變?yōu)椴粨剿�、不加熱集�?產(chǎn)液依靠采出溫度輸送至轉油站。單管通球不摻水集油工藝已在大慶油田、長慶油田等部分區(qū)塊現(xiàn)場應用。同常規(guī)的雙管摻水集油工藝比較,影響單管集油工藝中單井的生產(chǎn)參數(shù)較大的因素主要是井口回壓和出油溫度。在單管集輸工藝中,采出液沿程摩阻和溫降將會會隨著集油管長度的增加而增大。實際生產(chǎn)中具體表現(xiàn)為單井井口回壓增高、計量間回油溫度降低。同時,采出液在集輸過程中不斷向周圍環(huán)境中散熱,管壁上會出現(xiàn)原油中的蠟結晶以及其他組分,減小管線內(nèi)部流通面積,增大集輸過程中的阻力,降低管道輸送能力。當管線內(nèi)出現(xiàn)嚴重結蠟時,會影響采出液的流動,甚至造成凝管事故,給實際生產(chǎn)當中帶來重大的安全隱患。因此,當結蠟到一定程度時就必須清除管壁上的蠟。單管通球不摻水集油工藝是在井口設發(fā)球裝置,計量間設收球裝置。管道內(nèi)壁的凝油、結蠟、混合物等物質(zhì)通過清管閥發(fā)射清管器進行清除以降低輸油回壓,減少管線腐蝕速度。通球工藝可以清除管壁上的石蠟,增強原油的流動性,降低流動的阻力,減少油田生產(chǎn)安全隱患。通過建立單管通球不摻水集輸工藝仿真模型,確定不同產(chǎn)液量、含水率等情況下的通球周期,根據(jù)模型計算通球時油井回壓變化,確定球是否遇阻,這對更好地保證管道暢通、實現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:At present, the waxy composition of crude oil in most oil fields in China is relatively high. In order to ensure the normal production of oil fields, the gathering and transportation technology of water gathering oil is generally adopted, and the way of mixing hot water with produced liquid is adopted. However, with the further development of the oil field, the water content of the produced fluid and the oil temperature of the wellhead of the oil well can be increased, so that the production fluid can be transported without heating. In recent years, the research of low temperature gathering and transportation technology and crude oil gathering and transportation technology have been gradually changed from water-mixed gathering and transportation to non-mixed water and non-heating gathering and transportation, the oil field low-temperature gathering and transportation technology has been popularized and applied in recent years. The liquid production is transported to the oil transfer station on the basis of the recovery temperature. The single pipe water gathering technology without mixing water and oil has been applied in some blocks of Daqing Oilfield, Changqing Oilfield and so on. It is compared with the conventional double pipe water gathering technology. The main factors that affect the production parameters of single well in single pipe gathering process are well head pressure and production temperature. The frictional resistance and temperature drop will increase with the increase of the length of the tubing. In actual production, the return pressure at the head of the single well and the return temperature between the metering wells will decrease. In the process of gathering and transporting, the produced liquid continuously dissipates heat to the surrounding environment, and the wax crystals and other components in the crude oil will appear on the pipe wall, which will reduce the internal circulation area of the pipeline and increase the resistance in the gathering and transportation process. Reduce pipeline transportation capacity. When there is serious wax deposit in pipeline, it will affect the flow of produced liquid, even cause condensate accident, and bring great safety hidden danger to actual production. When wax is deposited to a certain extent, the wax must be removed from the pipe wall. The single pipe ball without water gathering process is to install a serve device at the well head, a ball collecting device in the metering room, and a condensing oil, wax deposit on the inner wall of the pipe. The mixture and other substances are removed by the pipe-clearing valve launcher to reduce the oil return pressure and the corrosion rate of the pipeline. Through the ball process, the paraffin wax on the pipe wall can be removed, the flow of crude oil can be enhanced, and the flow resistance can be reduced. In order to reduce the hidden trouble of oil field production safety, by establishing the simulation model of single pipe ball without mixing water gathering and transportation technology, determining the pass cycle of oil well under the condition of different liquid yield and water cut, according to the model, calculating the oil well back pressure change and determining whether the ball is blocked or not, This has important practical significance to ensure the smooth flow of pipeline and realize safe production.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE866

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