本文關(guān)鍵詞： 泡沫排水機(jī)理 起泡劑 穩(wěn)泡劑 自生氣泡排棒 抗油抗鹽　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著氣田的開采,開發(fā)到中后期時(shí)氣井單井產(chǎn)量逐漸下降。當(dāng)氣井產(chǎn)氣量低于臨界攜液氣量時(shí),井底及井筒就會(huì)產(chǎn)生積液。隨著井底及井筒積液的逐漸增加,導(dǎo)致部分氣井水淹甚至停產(chǎn)。氣井積液通常為含凝析油、含甲醇的礦化水,這對(duì)常規(guī)泡排劑或泡排棒的起泡及穩(wěn)泡性能有較大影響,從而影響泡沫排水的效率。常規(guī)泡排劑或泡排棒必須依賴井底氣流的擾動(dòng),才能形成泡沫。當(dāng)氣井產(chǎn)氣量達(dá)不到氣井?dāng)y液生產(chǎn)的最小氣量時(shí),對(duì)于部分低壓低產(chǎn)氣井,采用常規(guī)泡排劑或泡排棒進(jìn)行泡排是無法有效排出井底積液的。針對(duì)上述難點(diǎn),本文擬研制出一種適用于此類積液氣井的新型、高效抗油抗鹽型自生氣泡排棒,為此類積液氣井的開采提供理論基礎(chǔ)及技術(shù)支撐。本文通過大量文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研,對(duì)泡沫排水機(jī)理從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析,分別為泡沫效應(yīng)、分散效應(yīng)、減阻效應(yīng)、洗滌效應(yīng)；歸納總結(jié)了起泡及穩(wěn)泡性能的影響因素,如表面活性、分子結(jié)構(gòu)、外界因素、泡沫形狀等。通過理論分析及室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),利用表面活性劑間的復(fù)配協(xié)同效應(yīng),應(yīng)用Ross-Miles法,運(yùn)用正交設(shè)計(jì)軟件,篩選出最佳的起泡劑配方體系。采用排液法收集氣體(忽略溶于水的微量二氧化碳),確定該自生氣藥劑的最佳反應(yīng)比例。常溫常壓條件下,2g碳酸氫鈉(分析純)與2.5g檸檬酸(分析純)反應(yīng)生成525ml的氣體。最終,確定了抗油抗鹽型自生氣泡排棒體系的主要配方,起泡劑體系配方：0.1%CAB(固)+0.05%WS(固)+0.1%聚乙二醇(固)；自生氣藥劑配方：碳酸氫鈉(分析純)：檸檬酸(分析純)=4：5。本文依據(jù)石油行業(yè)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),通過大量室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),采用Ross-Miles法、高速攪拌法等方法對(duì)該起泡劑配方體系的配伍性、起泡性能、穩(wěn)泡性能、抗鹽性能、抗鈣性能、抗凝析油/汽油性能、抗甲醇性能等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),確定了該起泡劑體系配方的適用范圍。在無氣流擾動(dòng)條件下,對(duì)自生氣泡排棒起泡性能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所研制的抗油抗鹽型自生氣泡排棒密度可調(diào),外觀為白色固體；該起泡劑體系配方抗鹽指標(biāo)為200000mg/L,抗鈣指標(biāo)為20000mg/L,抗凝析油/汽油指標(biāo)為20%,抗甲醇指標(biāo)為20%,耐溫可達(dá)90℃；與礦化度、甲醇、凝析油/汽油配伍性良好。向礦化度為0-200000mg/L的模擬地層水中加入該起泡劑配方體系后表面張力分別下降到32.35mN/m、34.76mN/m、35.21mN/m、36.94mN/m、37.38mN/m,具有較強(qiáng)的降低表面張力性能。在無氣流擾動(dòng)條件下,當(dāng)起泡劑與自生氣比例為1：1時(shí),起泡體積為72m1；當(dāng)起泡劑與自生氣比例為1：2時(shí),起泡體積為103m1；當(dāng)起泡劑與自生氣比例為1：3時(shí),起泡體積為155m1；當(dāng)起泡劑與自生氣比例為1：4時(shí),起泡體積為225m1；當(dāng)起泡劑與自生氣比例為1：5時(shí),起泡體積高達(dá)285ml。因此,自生氣藥劑比例對(duì)泡排棒起泡性能有著較大影響。在現(xiàn)場施工應(yīng)用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)井底積液程度確定起泡劑與自生氣藥劑的比例。對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)攜液性能影響因素進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)氣體流量由0.5m3/h上升到1m3/11時(shí),攜液量由328m1上升到715m1,攜液率由32.8%上升到71.5%,攜液速率由2.73m1/s上升到5.96m1/S。當(dāng)模擬積液中甲醇含量達(dá)到20%時(shí),泡沫的攜液率為46%,攜液速率為3.83ml/ls(1.38ml/s)；當(dāng)模擬積液的礦化度為200000mg/L時(shí),泡沫的攜液率為71.5%,攜液速率為5.96ml/s(1.38ml/s)；當(dāng)模擬積液中凝析油/汽油含量達(dá)到20%時(shí),攜液率在38.7%-36.9%范圍內(nèi),攜液速率在3.08m1/s-3.23ml/s(1.38m1/s)范圍內(nèi)；當(dāng)模擬積液的礦化度200000mg/L、鈣離子濃度10000mg/L、甲醇含量10%、凝析油含量10%時(shí),攜液率為35.8%,攜液速率為2.98m1/s(1.38ml/s)；該起泡劑體系配方在苛刻的條件下,展示出了良好的攜液性能,并具有一定的抗油抗鹽抗甲醇性能。對(duì)于更苛刻的井底條件(礦化度、凝析油含量、甲醇含量更高時(shí)),可以適當(dāng)?shù)奶岣咂鹋輨┧急壤?從而提高泡沫排水的效率。對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)持液性能影響因素進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,隨著模擬井筒高度的增加,泡沫排液過程中液體不斷滑脫,持液率逐漸降低。在室溫20℃,模擬地層水礦化度200000mg/L,鈣離子濃度10000mg/L條件下,氣體流量由0.5m3/h上升到1 m3/11時(shí),1號(hào)出口持液率由12.5%上升到18.2%,2號(hào)出口持液率由10.2%上升到15.6%,3號(hào)出口持液率由8.7%上升到13.4%。氣體流量對(duì)持液率有一定影響。在泡沫排液有效時(shí)間內(nèi),20-80s之間,泡沫為球形,含有大量液體,處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),此時(shí)持液率呈上升趨勢；80-120s之間,由于氣流擾動(dòng),起泡劑在水中分散均勻,形成細(xì)小穩(wěn)定的泡沫,此時(shí)持液率變化甚微,基本處于平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)；120s以后,由于排出大量的液體,泡沫呈多邊形,處于亞穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。綜上所述,所研制的抗油抗鹽型自生氣泡排棒不僅具有較強(qiáng)的抗油抗鹽性能、耐溫性能及抗甲醇性能,還具有優(yōu)良的起泡及穩(wěn)泡性能。本課題的研究可有效提高積液氣井單井產(chǎn)能,從而使得氣田高效、合理、均衡開發(fā)。為氣田開發(fā)中后期積液氣井的開采及連續(xù)穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)提供了相關(guān)依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:With the development of gas fields, to the middle and late period of gas well production decreased gradually. When the gas production rate is lower than the critical liquid carrying capacity, will produce bottom and wellbore effusion. With the gradual increase of the bottom effusion and wellbore, resulting in some wells flooded or even stop. Gas effusion usually containing condensate water mineralization methanol, the conventional foaming agent or foam good foaming and foam stabilization performance have a greater impact, thus affecting the efficiency of foam drainage. The conventional foaming agent or foaming stick must rely on bottom hole flow disturbance, in order to form a bubble. When the minimum volume of gas production is not up to the gas well with liquid production time for some, low pressure and low production wells, using conventional foaming agent or foam stick foam is unable to effectively discharge the bottom effusion. To solve these problems, this paper developed a model applicable to such effusion wells, high anti oil resistance Salt type self bubble bar, to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for this kind of gas effusion mining. Through extensive literature research, analysis of foam drainage mechanism from four aspects, respectively the bubble effect, dispersion effect, the effect of drag reduction, washing effect; and summarizes the factors affecting the performance of the foaming and foam stabilization, such as surface activity, molecular structure, external factors, such as the bubble shape. Based on the theoretical analysis and laboratory experiment, using the synergy between the surfactants, using Ross-Miles method, using orthogonal design software, selected the best formula of foaming agent system. By collecting gas drainage method (ignoring the trace amounts of carbon dioxide dissolved in water the), determine the best reaction ratio of self-generating reagent. Temperature and pressure conditions, 2G sodium bicarbonate (AR) and 2.5G citric acid (AR) gas reaction of 525ml. Finally, determine the oil resistant and salt resistance The main type of authigenic formula bar bubble system, foaming agent system formula: 0.1%CAB (solid) +0.05%WS (solid) +0.1% polyethylene glycol (solid); authigenic gas pharmaceutical formulations: sodium bicarbonate (AR): citric acid (AR) =4:5. on the basis of petroleum industry standards, through a lot of experiments, using the method of Ross-Miles, foaming the performance of compatibility, the formula of foaming agent system with high speed stirring method, the performance of foam, salt resistance, anti calcium performance, condensate oil / gasoline performance evaluation indicators, anti methanol performance, determine the scope of the foaming agent system. In the absence of flow perturbation formula under the condition of in situ bubble bar foaming properties were evaluated. The experimental results show that the oil resistant and salt resistance developed by in-situ bubble discharge rod density adjustable, the appearance is white solid; the foaming agent formulation of salt resistance index of 200000mg/L, calcium resistance index 20000mg/L, condensate oil / gasoline methanol resistance index is 20%, index is 20%, the temperature can reach 90 DEG C; methanol and mineralization, and the condensate oil / gasoline. Good compatibility to salinity is added to the formula of foaming agent system after surface tension of simulated formation water 0-200000mg/L was decreased to 32.35mN/m, 34.76mN/m. 35.21mN/m, 36.94mN/m, 37.38mN/m, has a strong surface tension reduction performance. In the absence of air disturbance conditions, when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:1. The foaming volume is 72m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:2. The foaming volume is 103m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:3. The foaming volume is 155m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:4. The foaming volume is 225m1; when the foaming agent and self-generating ratio was 1:5. The foaming volume is as high as 285ml. therefore, authigenic gas ratio on the foaming agents foam can have a stick Greater impact. In the field of construction should be based on the application, to determine the extent of bottomhole liquid foaming agent and reagent proportion. Self-generating liquid carrying on the dynamic performance influence factors are analyzed, the experimental results show that when the gas flow is increased from 0.5m3/h to 1m3/11, the liquid carrying amount is increased from 328m1 to 715m1, liquid ratio increased from 32.8% to 71.5%, liquid carrying rate increased from 2.73m1/s to 5.96m1/S. when the methanol content in simulated effusion reaches 20%, the foam liquid carrying rate was 46%. The liquid carrying rate of 3.83ml/ls (1.38ml/s); when the simulated effusion salinity is 200000mg/L, foam liquid carrying rate was 71.5%. The liquid carrying rate of 5.96ml/s (1.38ml/s); when the condensate oil / fluid simulation gasoline content reaches 20%, the liquid carrying rate in the range of 38.7%-36.9%, the liquid carrying rate in 3.08m1/s-3.23ml/s (1.38m1/s) in the range of 200000mg/L; the degree of mineralization when simulating effusion, calcium ion concentration of 10000mg/L, the content of methanol 10%, the condensate oil content is 10%, the liquid carrying rate was 35.8%. The liquid carrying rate of 2.98m1/s (1.38ml/s); the foaming agent formulation in harsh conditions, showing good performance liquid and has certain anti oil, anti salt and anti methanol performance. For more stringent conditions for mineralization (bottom of condensate oil content, methanol content is higher), we can increase the proportion of foaming agent, so as to improve the efficiency of foam drainage. For holding liquid effects on the properties of dynamic factor analysis, the experimental results show that with the increase of the height of the wellbore, foam drainage in the process of continuous liquid slippage, liquid holdup gradually reduced at room temperature of 20 DEG C, simulated salinity 200000mg/L, calcium ion concentration under the condition of 10000mg/L, gas flow rate increased from 0.5m3/h to 1 m3/11, exit 1, liquid holdup increased from 12.5% to 18.2%, exit 2, liquid holdup increased from 10.2% to 15.6%, to exit 3. 娑茬巼鐢，

本文編號(hào)：1536976