本文關鍵詞： 孔隙尺度分布 微觀流動 天然裂縫 流動模型 產(chǎn)能模型　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著油氣勘探領域技術的不斷進步和發(fā)展,非常規(guī)頁巖氣已經(jīng)成為常規(guī)油氣的重要接替資源,目前已經(jīng)在北美取得了成功的商業(yè)開發(fā),產(chǎn)量呈現(xiàn)爆炸式增長,2014年美國年產(chǎn)量達到了2700×108m3。研究表明我國頁巖氣資源豐富,地質(zhì)儲量占世界總儲量的22%,但目前還處于開發(fā)初期階段,開展頁巖氣開發(fā)的相關研究對提升我國自主開發(fā)頁巖氣水平具有重要作用。 與傳統(tǒng)氣藏不同,頁巖儲層孔隙尺度從幾到幾百納米,氣體流動形態(tài)復雜,可能包含黏性流、滑移流、過渡流及分子流的復雜多流態(tài)特征。同時受頁巖儲層低孔低滲物性影響,必須對頁巖儲層進行水平井分段壓裂改造才能達到經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)能。受頁巖壓裂改造過程中裂縫擴展特征影響,水力壓裂形成的裂縫網(wǎng)絡體系包括遠井區(qū)域自支撐的剪切縫和近井區(qū)域支撐劑鋪置的支撐縫�；谝陨享搸r壓裂水平井的介質(zhì)特征和流體在多尺度介質(zhì)下的滲流特征,考慮擴散、吸附、解吸、滑移等滲流影響,開展了頁巖氣在納米孔隙中氣體流動行為的研究,基于微觀和宏觀流動特性,考慮自支撐和支撐縫展布狀態(tài),建立了頁巖儲層水平井壓裂產(chǎn)能模型,并進行了產(chǎn)能模擬研究,得到了以下重要研究成果： (1)考慮頁巖儲層低孔、低滲的特點,建立了考慮納米尺度頁巖儲層的微觀流動模型,該模型基于表觀滲透率定義,結(jié)合不同流態(tài)的作用效應,建立了基于黏性流、滑移流、過渡流和分子自由流的表觀滲透率計算統(tǒng)一方程。 (2)基于頁巖基質(zhì)系統(tǒng)微觀流動,考慮支撐縫與自支撐縫的影響,以及頁巖吸附解吸現(xiàn)象,建立了納米尺度頁巖氣藏水平井二維單相模型,對該數(shù)學模型進行數(shù)值求解,利用Visual Basic6.0程序語言編制了頁巖產(chǎn)能數(shù)值計算程序。 (3)采用所編制的納米尺度頁巖氣藏水平井壓裂產(chǎn)能模型計算程序全面分析了影響頁巖氣藏水平井壓裂后產(chǎn)能的相關參數(shù),包括水力裂縫條數(shù)、水力裂縫導流能力、水力裂縫長度、地層滲透率、孔隙半徑、井底流壓、Langmuir體積以及Langmuir壓力。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress and development of oil and gas exploration technology, unconventional shale gas has become an important replacement resource for conventional oil and gas, and has been successfully developed in North America. In 2014, the annual output of the United States reached 2700 脳 108m3.The study shows that China is rich in shale gas resources, with geological reserves accounting for 22% of the world's total reserves, but at present it is still in the early stage of development. The research on shale gas development plays an important role in improving the level of shale gas development in China. Unlike traditional gas reservoirs, the pore size of shale reservoirs ranges from several to several hundred nanometers, and the gas flow forms are complex, which may include viscous flow and slip flow. The complex multi-flow characteristics of transition flow and molecular flow are also affected by the physical properties of shale reservoir with low porosity and low permeability. In order to achieve economic productivity, the shale reservoir must be fracturing in horizontal wells by stages, which is influenced by the fracture propagation characteristics in the process of shale fracturing. The fracture network system formed by hydraulic fracturing includes the self-supporting shear fractures in the far well region and the proppant supported fractures in the near well area. Based on the medium characteristics of the shale fracturing horizontal wells and the percolation characteristics of the fluids in the multi-scale media, Considering the influence of diffusion, adsorption, desorption and slip, the gas flow behavior of shale gas in nano-pores was studied. Based on the microscopic and macroscopic flow characteristics, the self-supporting and supporting fracture distribution state was considered. The fracturing productivity model of shale reservoir horizontal well is established, and the productivity simulation is carried out. The following important research results are obtained:. 1) considering the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability in shale reservoir, a microscopic flow model considering nano-scale shale reservoir is established. The model is based on the definition of apparent permeability and combined with the effect of different flow states, which is based on viscous flow and slip flow. The unified equation of apparent permeability calculation for transition flow and free molecular flow is presented. Based on the microcosmic flow of shale matrix system, considering the influence of supporting fracture and self-supporting fracture, and the phenomenon of shale adsorption and desorption, a two-dimensional single-phase model of horizontal well of nano-scale shale gas reservoir is established, and the mathematical model is solved numerically. A numerical calculation program for shale productivity is developed by using Visual Basic6.0 program language. The related parameters affecting the productivity of horizontal well fracturing of shale gas reservoir after fracturing, including the number of hydraulic fractures and the hydraulic fracture conductivity, are analyzed comprehensively by using the program compiled by the authors for the calculation of horizontal well fracturing productivity model of nano-scale shale gas reservoir. Hydraulic fracture length, formation permeability, pore radius, bottom hole flow pressure, Langmuir volume and Langmuir pressure.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357

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