本文關鍵詞： 油頁巖 干餾 氣化 Aspen Plus 系統(tǒng)分析　出處：《東北電力大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：油頁巖是一種富含有機質的沉積巖,不僅可以用于干餾制取頁巖油,還可用于燃燒發(fā)電。中國油頁巖儲量巨大,居世界前列,在能源日趨緊張的今天,尤其是石油資源不足的中國,高效的利用油頁巖資源對保障我國的能源安全具有重要意義。本文在結合油頁巖綜合開發(fā)利用理論的基礎上,對原有油頁巖氣體熱載體綜合利用系統(tǒng)進行了部分優(yōu)化改造:將氣體熱載體干餾系統(tǒng)中不能用于干餾的小顆粒油頁巖和全部半焦送入氣化爐中生產氣化合成氣;合成氣的利用方式又可以分為兩種,分別是直接送入燃氣—蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電和先進行費托合成再將合成剩余尾氣送入聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電,并據此構建了兩種綜合利用系統(tǒng);在新系統(tǒng)中,加熱干餾熱載體的熱量主要來源于兩部分,分別是從高溫氣化合成氣和燃機尾氣回收的熱量,由此,原系統(tǒng)中低效的半焦加熱設備和瓦斯加熱設備均可拆除。本文構建的油頁巖綜合利用系統(tǒng)充分利用了不能用于氣體熱載體干餾的小顆粒油頁巖和干餾半焦,大幅提高了系統(tǒng)總的能量利用效率,同時又實現(xiàn)了能量的梯級利用,減少了固體和氣體廢棄物的排放。本文借助Aspen Plus軟件對所構建的兩種綜合利用系統(tǒng)(分別是油頁巖干餾-氣化-發(fā)電綜合利用系統(tǒng)和油頁巖干餾-氣化-制油-發(fā)電綜合利用系統(tǒng))進行模擬。核算了系統(tǒng)的物料平衡、能量平衡和?平衡,并分析了干餾—氣化混合氣(包括干餾氣和合成氣)制油比例(即用于費托合成制油的混合氣占系統(tǒng)生產混合氣總量的比值)和油頁巖干餾比例(即用于干餾煉油的油頁巖占系統(tǒng)油頁巖總處理量的比值)對新構建的綜合利用系統(tǒng)產物分布以及能效的影響。結果表明:新構建的油頁巖干餾-氣化-發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和干餾-氣化-制油發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的一次能量利用效率分別達到58.23%和64.85%,分別是原有系統(tǒng)的1.17倍和1.31倍,同時兩系統(tǒng)的?效率也分別達到60.18%和66.1%;進一步模擬分析表明,提高混合氣制油比例和油頁巖干餾比例均可有效提高兩系統(tǒng)總的能量利用效率,另外,干餾-氣化-制油-發(fā)電系統(tǒng)相較于干餾-氣化-發(fā)電系統(tǒng)有更高的能量利用效率和液體燃料產率,但在發(fā)電量方面,前者遠小于后者,在工業(yè)生產中,可綜合考慮經濟效率等因素對兩系統(tǒng)進行合理選擇或搭配。
[Abstract]:Oil shale is a kind of sedimentary rock rich in organic matter, which can be used not only for dry distillation to make shale oil, but also for burning electricity. Especially in China, where petroleum resources are insufficient, the efficient utilization of oil shale resources is of great significance to ensure the energy security of our country. This paper combines the theory of comprehensive development and utilization of oil shale. The existing comprehensive utilization system of oil shale gas heat carrier has been partially optimized: the small grain oil shale and all semi-coke which can not be used for dry distillation system in the gas heat carrier dry distillation system are fed into gasification furnace to produce gasification syngas; The utilization modes of syngas can be divided into two types, one is direct fuel-steam combined cycle power generation, the other is the combined generation by Fischer synthesis, and then the synthetic residual tail gas is fed into the combined cycle power generation. Based on this, two comprehensive utilization systems are constructed. In the new system, the heat of heating dry distillation heat carrier mainly comes from two parts, namely, heat recovered from high temperature gasification syngas and gas turbine tail gas. The low-efficiency semi-coke heating equipment and the gas heating equipment in the original system can be removed. The oil shale comprehensive utilization system constructed in this paper makes full use of the small particle oil shale and the dry-run semi-coke which can not be used for the dry distillation of gas heat carrier. The overall energy efficiency of the system has been greatly improved, while the cascade utilization of energy has been realized. In this paper, two integrated utilization systems (oil shale retort-gasification power generation integrated utilization system and oil shale dry-gasification oil-making system) were developed by Aspen Plus software. The material balance of the system is calculated. Energy balance and? Balance, The ratio of distillation-gasification mixture (including dry distillation gas and syngas) to oil production (that is, the ratio of mixture gas used for Fischer synthetic oil production to the total amount of mixture gas produced in the system) and the ratio of oil shale dry-distillation (that is to say, for dry distillation) are analyzed. The effect of the ratio of oil shale to the total treatment capacity of oil shale on the product distribution and energy efficiency of the newly constructed comprehensive utilization system. The results show that the newly constructed oil shale dry-gasification power generation system and dry-gasification gasification system have a great influence on the product distribution and energy efficiency of the newly constructed comprehensive utilization system. -the primary energy efficiency of the oil-producing power generation system is 58.23% and 64.85 respectively, 1.17 times and 1.31 times of the original system, respectively. Two systems at the same time? The efficiency reached 60.18% and 66.1, respectively. Further simulation analysis showed that the total energy utilization efficiency of the two systems could be improved effectively by increasing the ratio of oil mixture and oil shale distillation. The distillation-gasification oil-generating system has higher energy efficiency and liquid fuel yield than the dry-vaporization-generation system, but the former is much smaller than the latter in terms of electricity generation, and in industrial production, The two systems can be reasonably selected or collocated considering economic efficiency and other factors.
【學位授予單位】：東北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE662.8

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本文編號：1506713