本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多支化聚合物 壓裂液 稠化劑 低傷害 性能評價　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著對低滲、超低滲油氣田的不斷開發(fā),水力壓裂技術(shù)已成為最直接、有效的增產(chǎn)、增注方式之一,而壓裂液性能好壞則是影響壓裂施工成敗的關(guān)鍵因素。目前,常用水基壓裂液稠化劑為胍膠及其衍生物,但胍膠類稠化劑對儲層具有一定傷害,且貨源與價格波動較大。因此,合成聚合物壓裂液稠化劑的研究越來越受到重視。 通過對國內(nèi)外壓裂液研究現(xiàn)狀的大量調(diào)研與分析,本文合成了一種多支化低傷害壓裂液稠化劑,并通過疏水改性,使之兼顧常規(guī)壓裂液的高黏度、強攜砂能力和清潔壓裂液的無殘渣、低傷害的優(yōu)勢,為低滲透油氣藏壓裂液提供更好的選擇。論文完成的主要研究工作如下： 首先,以乙二胺與丙烯酸甲酯為初始原料,通過Michael加成與酰胺化縮合反應(yīng)合成出聚酰胺-胺大分子,并用3-二甲胺基丙胺與順丁烯二酸酐對半代PAMAM樹形大分子進行了季銨化與功能化改性,得到能進行下一步聚合反應(yīng)的PAMAM功能性骨架大單體。其次,以功能性骨架單體為核,AM、AA以及疏水單體為臂合成出了多支化聚合物(MBPAM-8),并對其進行了功能性骨架單體的濃度、疏水單體濃度、單體總濃度、引發(fā)劑加量、反應(yīng)溫度等反應(yīng)條件的優(yōu)化。此外,利用紅外光譜(R)、核磁共振(’H-NMR)和元素分析(EA)對功能性骨架單體與多支化聚合物進行了一系列結(jié)構(gòu)表征,證明了產(chǎn)物與預(yù)期結(jié)果相同；同時初步研究了MBPAM-8的增稠性能、流變參數(shù)及抗剪切性能。最后,對表面活性劑類型及濃度進行了優(yōu)選,確定多支化低傷害壓裂液稠化體系的配方為：0.4%～0.5%MBPAM-8+0.03%～0.05%SDBS,并根據(jù)水基壓裂液評價方法與石油行業(yè)標準對多支化低傷害稠化體系進行了系統(tǒng)的性能評價。 實驗結(jié)果表明：多支化低傷害壓裂液稠化體系在90-C、170s-1下剪切2h后黏度仍保持在90mPa.s以上,最高耐溫可達115.8℃,體現(xiàn)出良好的耐溫、抗剪切性能；在25～90℃下,流性指數(shù)n值與稠度系數(shù)K值分別為0.307～0.371和3.72-4.91Pa-sn之間,表現(xiàn)出很好的增稠能力；使用濃度0.15%的(NH4)2S2O8作為破膠劑時,在25℃、60℃與90。C條件下,徹底破膠時間為6-7h,破膠液黏度在2.7-3.9mPa.s之間,破膠液的表面/界面張力則在23.7～25.9mN/m與0.56～0.6mN/m的范圍內(nèi),破膠效果較好；破膠后無殘渣以及破膠液對巖心滲透率損害率為10.5%-14.1%,破膠液與地層水配伍性良好等結(jié)果均說明該壓裂液稠化體系具有增稠能力強,破膠性能好、表面張力低、無殘渣、低傷害等特點。 本文合成的多支化低傷害壓裂液稠化劑進一步完善了水基壓裂液體系,對推動常規(guī)、非常規(guī)低滲透油氣藏的壓裂技術(shù)發(fā)展具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil and gas fields, hydraulic fracturing technology has become one of the most direct and effective ways to increase production and injection. The performance of fracturing fluid is the key factor to affect the success or failure of fracturing operation. At present, guanidine gel and its derivatives are commonly used as thickening agent of water-based fracturing fluid, but guanidine gel thickener has certain damage to reservoir. Therefore, more and more attention has been paid to the study of synthetic polymer fracturing fluid thickener. Through a lot of investigation and analysis on the research status of fracturing fluid at home and abroad, this paper synthesized a multi-branched low-harm fracturing fluid thickener, and through hydrophobic modification to make it take into account the high viscosity of conventional fracturing fluid. The advantages of strong sand carrying capacity and clean fracturing fluid without residue and low damage provide a better choice for fracturing fluid in low permeability reservoirs. The main research work accomplished in this paper is as follows: Firstly, polyamide-amine macromolecules were synthesized from ethylenediamine and methyl acrylate by Michael addition and amidation condensation. Semi-generation PAMAM dendrimers were modified by quaternary ammonium and functionalization with 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and maleic anhydride. The functional skeleton macromonomer of PAMAM can be obtained for the next step of polymerization. Secondly, the functional skeleton monomer is used as the core of AM. The multi-branched polymer MBPAM-8 was synthesized by AA and hydrophobic monomer, and the concentration of functional skeleton monomer, hydrophobic monomer, the total concentration of monomer and the amount of initiator were studied. Optimization of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature. In addition, IR spectra were used. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analysis (EA) were used to characterize the structure of functional skeleton monomer and multi-branched polymer. It was proved that the product was the same as the expected result. At the same time, the thickening properties, rheological parameters and shear resistance of MBPAM-8 were preliminarily studied. Finally, the type and concentration of surfactants were selected. The formula for determining the thickening system of multi-branched low-harm fracturing fluid is: 1: 0.4and 0.5MBPAM-8 0.03 and 0.05SDBS. According to the evaluation method of water-based fracturing fluid and petroleum industry standard, the performance evaluation of multi-branched low-damage thickening system was carried out systematically. The experimental results show that the viscosity of multi-branched low-injury fracturing fluid thickening system is still above 90mPa.s after shear 2h under 90-Cn170s-1, and the highest temperature tolerance is 115.8 鈩，

本文編號：1473655