本文關(guān)鍵詞： 升溫 油輪 貨油 自動(dòng)控制　出處：《集美大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,營(yíng)運(yùn)油輪的貨油加熱升溫和保溫主要通過(guò)手動(dòng)控制貨油加熱蒸汽供給閥的開(kāi)度來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。手動(dòng)加熱控溫系統(tǒng)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,可減少建造過(guò)程的初投資,但會(huì)增加人工成本,并且易出現(xiàn)加熱不足或過(guò)度加熱等現(xiàn)象,影響卸貨的同時(shí)也增加加熱用燃料成本。為了解決上述問(wèn)題,本文以構(gòu)建適用于油輪貨油加溫自動(dòng)控制的系統(tǒng)為目的,進(jìn)行了以下研究工作:首先,建立用于研究貨油加溫自動(dòng)控制的試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。試驗(yàn)臺(tái)采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥閥芯位移的方案來(lái)控制蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥閥芯開(kāi)度。該方案基于驅(qū)動(dòng)位移的液壓油流量與閥芯位移成正比的機(jī)理,通過(guò)控制三位四通比例電磁閥執(zhí)行電流和流量計(jì)反饋電流的偏差值,實(shí)現(xiàn)主甲板上蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥開(kāi)度的遠(yuǎn)控。構(gòu)建基于NI PCI-8512/2通訊板卡的CANbus數(shù)據(jù)總線與下位機(jī)NDAM模塊相結(jié)合的數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)溫度、壓力、液位的數(shù)據(jù)采集與蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥閥位控制信號(hào)的輸出。其次,進(jìn)行貨油加熱升溫、保溫的控溫策略分析。采用集總參數(shù)法,根據(jù)傳熱學(xué)理論,建立蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥開(kāi)度與貨油溫度和加熱時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系式。根據(jù)所建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行貨油加熱控溫的策略分析和控溫流程設(shè)計(jì)。由LabVIEW軟件編寫(xiě)貨油加熱升溫過(guò)程、保溫與卸油過(guò)程的控溫程序。程序中,貨油加熱升溫采取控制貨油加熱速率,對(duì)油溫采取開(kāi)環(huán)控制,而在保溫與卸油時(shí)采用PID進(jìn)行油溫閉環(huán)控制。最后,開(kāi)展貨油加熱升溫、保溫以及卸油過(guò)程控溫試驗(yàn),并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析總結(jié)。選用FO180燃料油20℃時(shí)的密度0.9852kg/m3作為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,油柜中貨油的平均溫度作為控制對(duì)象,設(shè)定升溫總時(shí)間、目標(biāo)溫度、PID參數(shù)值后進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn),主要結(jié)果如下:1)升溫過(guò)程采用控制油溫變化率的控溫試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明,貨油加熱到目標(biāo)溫度所需實(shí)際時(shí)間與設(shè)定時(shí)間之間的相對(duì)誤差低于0.45%。通過(guò)加熱時(shí)間的不同設(shè)定可實(shí)現(xiàn)加熱升溫過(guò)程的可控升溫;2)保溫、卸油過(guò)程采用溫度PID控制方式,保溫過(guò)程油溫波動(dòng)幅度可控制在1℃以?xún)?nèi)�？傮w上看,采用蒸汽調(diào)節(jié)閥液控方式和CANbus數(shù)據(jù)總線相結(jié)合的測(cè)控方式,基于Lab VIEW編程,通過(guò)升溫過(guò)程控制油溫上升變化率與保溫、卸油過(guò)程采用PID控溫相結(jié)合的加熱控溫策略,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)貨油加熱過(guò)程的自動(dòng)控制。
[Abstract]:At present, the heating and heat preservation of cargo oil in oil tankers are mainly realized by manually controlling the opening of cargo oil heating steam supply valve. The manual heating temperature control system is relatively simple and can reduce the initial investment in the construction process. But it will increase the cost of labor, and it is easy to appear the phenomenon of insufficient heating or excessive heating, which affects the unloading of cargo and increases the cost of heating fuel. In order to solve the above problems. The purpose of this paper is to construct an automatic control system for tanker cargo and oil heating. The following research work is carried out: first of all. A test bed for the study of automatic control of cargo oil heating was established. The hydraulic drive steam regulating valve core displacement scheme was adopted to control the valve core opening. This scheme is based on the hydraulic oil flow and valve drive displacement. The mechanism of core displacement being proportional. By controlling the three-bit four-way proportional solenoid valve, the deviation of the current and the feedback current of the Flowmeter are obtained. To realize the remote control of the opening of steam regulating valve on the main deck. The data input and output system of the CANbus data bus of the PCI-8512/2 communication board and the NDAM module of the lower computer. The data acquisition of temperature, pressure, liquid level and the output of control signal of steam regulating valve position are realized. Secondly, the temperature control strategy of heating and heat preservation of cargo oil is analyzed. The lumped parameter method is adopted and the theory of heat transfer is adopted. The relationship between the opening degree of steam regulating valve and the temperature and heating time of cargo oil was established. According to the established mathematical model, the strategy analysis and temperature control flow design of cargo oil heating temperature control were carried out. The cargo was programmed by LabVIEW software. Oil heating and heating process. In the procedure, the heating rate of cargo oil is controlled, the open loop control of oil temperature is adopted, and the closed loop control of oil temperature is carried out by PID when holding and unloading oil. Finally. The temperature control tests of heating, heat preservation and unloading of cargo oil were carried out, and the data were analyzed and summarized. The density of FO180 fuel oil was 0.9852 kg / m ~ 3 at 20 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1453507