【摘要】：目前，結(jié)構(gòu)消能減震技術(shù)在土木工程中得到越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用，不同總類(lèi)和不同形式的阻尼器被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)，用于結(jié)構(gòu)的減震控制。其中，壁式阻尼器是比較新的一種，具有易于安裝，便于布置的優(yōu)勢(shì)，有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景，但針對(duì)這種特殊形式的阻尼器的耗能特點(diǎn)，以及其設(shè)計(jì)方法的研究尚不充分。而阻尼器中的粘彈性阻尼器，隨著不同種類(lèi)的粘彈性材料的開(kāi)發(fā)，尤其是高阻尼橡膠的開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用，粘彈性阻尼器的耗能能力得到提升，其力學(xué)性能呈現(xiàn)出新的特征，簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用準(zhǔn)確的粘彈性阻尼器力學(xué)模型的開(kāi)發(fā)，對(duì)于粘彈性阻尼器的應(yīng)用與推廣有著重要意義。 針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，本文對(duì)一種高阻尼橡膠制成的粘彈性阻尼器進(jìn)行了不同應(yīng)變幅值、加載頻率和環(huán)境溫度下的基本力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)，老化性能試驗(yàn)以及低周、高周疲勞性能試驗(yàn)，研究試件在不同工況下的剪切存儲(chǔ)模量、剪切損失模量和損耗因子等力學(xué)參數(shù)，及其力學(xué)性能的變化規(guī)律。其中，對(duì)基本力學(xué)性能的考察包括100%-420%多個(gè)不同應(yīng)變幅值；低周疲勞試驗(yàn)最大應(yīng)變達(dá)300%，充分研究了該阻尼器在大變形下的性能。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：該種阻尼器力學(xué)性能與加載頻率相關(guān)性較小，與溫度相關(guān)性相對(duì)明顯，隨應(yīng)變幅值的增加阻尼器表現(xiàn)出軟化特征，但其損耗因子始終保持在比較高的水平。阻尼器在小位移和大位移下都有穩(wěn)定耗能能力，可使用于風(fēng)振控制和地震響應(yīng)控制。阻尼器表現(xiàn)出良好的變形能力，在200%大應(yīng)變下仍能保持穩(wěn)定的力學(xué)性能，達(dá)到420%應(yīng)變時(shí)仍未破壞。 基于上述試驗(yàn)成果，針對(duì)粘彈性阻尼器在地震工程中應(yīng)用面臨的大變形范圍，筆者提出了一種能夠考慮粘彈性阻尼器性能的應(yīng)變幅值相關(guān)性，并且在一定程度上考慮阻尼器的速度相關(guān)性的Bilinear-Kelvin模型，模型模擬結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合較好。然后，采用筆者提出的阻尼器模型將粘彈性和軟鋼的壁式阻尼器分別附加到一框架中進(jìn)行地震時(shí)程分析，以探究?jī)煞N阻尼器的減震效果。 針對(duì)壁式阻尼器這種形式，筆者對(duì)其在框架中的變形耗能特性，以及其對(duì)框架受力的影響進(jìn)行理論分析，，提出了相關(guān)的簡(jiǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)方法和建議，以便于考慮壁式阻尼器的位移放大效應(yīng)及其對(duì)梁內(nèi)力的影響。
[Abstract]:At present, the structure energy dissipation technology has been more and more used in civil engineering. Different types and different types of dampers have been developed for structural seismic control. Among them, the wall damper is a new one, which has the advantages of easy installation and arrangement, and has a wide application prospect. However, the research on the energy dissipation characteristics of this special type damper and its design method is not enough. With the development of different kinds of viscoelastic materials, especially the development and application of high damping rubber, the energy dissipation capacity of Visco-elastic dampers has been improved, and the mechanical properties of Visco-elastic dampers show new characteristics. The development of a simple, practical and accurate mechanical model of viscoelastic dampers is of great significance for the application and popularization of viscoelastic dampers. In order to solve the above problems, a viscoelastic damper made of high damping rubber was tested under different strain amplitudes, loading frequencies and ambient temperatures, including basic mechanical properties, aging tests and low cycle and high cycle fatigue tests. The mechanical parameters, such as shear storage modulus, shear loss modulus and loss factor, and the variation rule of mechanical properties of the specimen under different working conditions are studied. The basic mechanical properties of the damper include more than 100% / 420% of different strain amplitudes, and the maximum strain of low cycle fatigue test is up to 300%. The performance of the damper under large deformation is fully studied. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the damper have little correlation with the loading frequency, while the temperature dependence is relatively obvious. With the increase of the strain amplitude, the damper shows softening characteristics, but its loss factor remains at a relatively high level all the time. The damper has stable energy dissipation capacity under small displacement and large displacement, and can be used for wind-induced vibration control and seismic response control. The damper has a good deformation ability and can maintain stable mechanical properties under 200% strain, and it is still undamaged when the strain reaches 420%. Based on the above experimental results and aiming at the large deformation range of viscoelastic dampers applied in seismic engineering, a strain amplitude correlation is proposed, which can take into account the performance of viscoelastic dampers. To some extent, the Bilinear-Kelvin model considering the velocity dependence of the damper, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then, the viscoelastic and soft steel wall dampers are appended to a frame for seismic time history analysis using the damper model proposed by the author to explore the damping effects of the two dampers. Based on the analysis of the energy dissipation characteristics of the wall damper in the frame and its influence on the force of the frame, some simplified design methods and suggestions are put forward, which can be used to analyze the energy dissipation characteristics of the frame and the influence of the damper on the force of the frame. In order to consider the displacement amplification effect of the wall damper and its influence on the internal force of the beam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU352.1

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