【摘要】：探索了一種由土壤基本物性指標(biāo)、氣象數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測非飽和土表層蒸發(fā)過程的方法。通過土壤基本物理性質(zhì)(顆粒分布、土粒相對密度、干密度)預(yù)測出土-水特征曲線(SWCC),進(jìn)而得到土壤氣相對濕度與含水率的關(guān)系,采用Penman-Wilson模型預(yù)測出了非飽和土表面的蒸發(fā)曲線。通過該方法,只需實(shí)地采取土樣,獲取其基本物理性質(zhì),由任意時(shí)刻土壤的含水率及氣象數(shù)據(jù)就能預(yù)測出該時(shí)刻土表的蒸發(fā)速率。采用自制的自動蒸發(fā)測量系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行淺層土蒸發(fā)試驗(yàn),得到了蒸發(fā)曲線,與預(yù)測結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)測蒸發(fā)過程與實(shí)測結(jié)果一樣皆由臨界含水率和風(fēng)干含水率將其分為3個(gè)階段:穩(wěn)定階段、減速階段和殘余階段,且蒸發(fā)量吻合,證明了所提出方法的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)用性,對工程界估計(jì)土表蒸發(fā)量,確定水流量邊界有重要意義。
[Abstract]:A method for predicting the evaporation process of unsaturated soil surface from the basic physical properties of soil and meteorological data was explored. Based on the basic physical properties of soil (particle distribution, soil particle relative density, dry density), the relationship between soil relative humidity and moisture content was obtained by predicting the characteristic curve of soil-water (SWCC),. The evaporation curve of unsaturated soil surface was predicted by Penman-Wilson model. With this method, the evaporation rate of soil surface can be predicted from soil moisture content and meteorological data at any time by taking soil samples in the field and obtaining their basic physical properties. The evaporation curve of shallow soil was obtained by using the self-made automatic evaporation measurement system. Comparing with the predicted results, it is found that the predicted evaporation process is divided into three stages by the critical water content and the air-dried water content as measured results: the stable stage, the deceleration stage and the residual stage, and the evaporation is consistent. The accuracy and practicability of the proposed method are proved to be of great significance for estimating soil surface evaporation and determining the boundary of water flow in engineering circles.
【作者單位】： 三峽大學(xué)三峽庫區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國科學(xué)院武漢巖土力學(xué)研究所巖土力學(xué)與工程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(No.51178251)
【分類號】：TU43

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