【摘要】：本世紀(jì)以來(lái),森林資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展越來(lái)越得到人們的重視,立足生態(tài)學(xué)、大力發(fā)展“近自然林業(yè)”,是森林資源永續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法。我國(guó)森林公園建設(shè)進(jìn)入飛速發(fā)展的階段,大量國(guó)家和省級(jí)森林公園如雨后春筍搬涌現(xiàn)。本研究采用層次分析法構(gòu)建森林公園森林近自然度評(píng)價(jià)體系,定量定性相結(jié)合地評(píng)價(jià)石燕湖森林公園的近自然度,從而有針對(duì)性地提出近自然改造方法。 森林公園的近自然設(shè)計(jì)是在生態(tài)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用森林培育技術(shù)來(lái)營(yíng)建近自然林群落為主的森林公園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本文以石燕湖森林公園為例作了粗淺的討論,希望為后續(xù)的相關(guān)研究提供有價(jià)值的借鑒。論文得到結(jié)果如下： (1)構(gòu)建了森林公園近自然度評(píng)價(jià)體系。選取樹(shù)種多樣性、林分活力、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、干擾度4個(gè)方面的12個(gè)指標(biāo)作為指標(biāo)層,分別為：物種豐富度、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)、Shannon-wiener指數(shù)、重要值、頂級(jí)適應(yīng)值、林分更新?tīng)顩r、郁閉度、蓄積量、頂級(jí)樹(shù)種優(yōu)勢(shì)度、林層結(jié)構(gòu)、采伐強(qiáng)度、枯立木狀況；創(chuàng)新地引入自然構(gòu)成指數(shù)和林層指數(shù)來(lái)分別反映頂級(jí)樹(shù)種優(yōu)勢(shì)度和林層結(jié)構(gòu)；利用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度法,將構(gòu)建的近自然度評(píng)價(jià)體系中的各個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行量綱統(tǒng)一和量化,完成對(duì)各指標(biāo)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；對(duì)4塊樣地分別進(jìn)行近自然度評(píng)價(jià),得到每塊樣地的近自然度指數(shù)為0.38、0.62、0.48和0.36。 (2)得到石燕湖森林公園4個(gè)樣地的近自然度等級(jí)分別是是Ⅲ級(jí)(鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種純林或外來(lái)樹(shù)種與鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種混交林),V級(jí)(次生林),Ⅳ級(jí)(鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種混交林),Ⅲ級(jí)(鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種純林或外來(lái)樹(shù)種與鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種混交林),并進(jìn)行各自的森林狀態(tài)分析,從而總結(jié)出石燕湖森林公園的森林近自然程度偏低的結(jié)論。 (3)針對(duì)近自然度評(píng)價(jià)下的石燕湖森林公園不同級(jí)別森林植被分別設(shè)計(jì)出分等級(jí)的改良方案：(1)對(duì)石燕湖低近自然度等級(jí)的植物群落,采用整地和撫育的方法,進(jìn)行幼林撫育和混交林的營(yíng)造,使之能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速萌蔭成林,改變目前退化的狀況。再監(jiān)測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,再不斷間伐改良。直至成為中等近自然度等級(jí)的森林群落,再隨之改變作業(yè)方式；(2)對(duì)于中等近自然度等級(jí)的森林群落,視作風(fēng)景林進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),包括風(fēng)景林的撫育整形和撫育改造兩個(gè)方面,同時(shí)兼顧森林的美觀度。主要方法有近自然法,兼顧森林演替法、透視伐和綜合撫育伐,進(jìn)行撫育整形,過(guò)程中利用定性和定量相結(jié)合的方法來(lái)確定采伐強(qiáng)度；(3)對(duì)于高近自然度等級(jí)的森林群落,擬視作自然保護(hù)區(qū)特用林,采用近自然法經(jīng)營(yíng)和封育保護(hù)相結(jié)合的方法。
[Abstract]:Since this century, people pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of forest resources. It is an effective method to develop "near natural forestry" based on ecology. The construction of forest parks in China has entered the stage of rapid development, and a large number of national and provincial forest parks have sprung up. In this study, the evaluation system of forest near-naturalness of forest park was constructed by AHP, and the near naturalness of Shiyan Lake forest park was evaluated by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the method of near-natural transformation was put forward. The near natural design of forest park is based on ecology and comprehensive use of forest cultivation technology to build forest park ecosystem which is dominated by natural forest community. Taking Shiyan Lake Forest Park as an example, this paper makes a brief discussion, hoping to provide valuable reference for further research. The results are as follows: (1) A forest park near natural degree evaluation system is constructed. Twelve indexes of tree species diversity, stand vigor, structural characteristics and disturbance degree were selected as index layers, which were: species richness, Pielou evenness index, Shannon-wiener index, important value, top fitness value, stand regeneration status. Canopy density, storage capacity, dominant degree of top tree species, forest structure, cutting intensity, dry stand condition; The natural composition index and forest layer index were introduced to reflect the dominance of top tree species and forest structure respectively. By using the method of grey correlation degree, every index in the evaluation system of near-naturalness is unified and quantified, and the standardization of each index is completed. The near naturalness index of each sample plot was 0.38 0. 62 0. 48 and 0. 36 respectively. (2) the near naturality grade of the four plots in Shiyan Lake Forest Park was grade 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2371827