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車(chē)輛對(duì)城市街谷熱環(huán)境的影響研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-28 17:21
【摘要】:隨著城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快,人們的生活水平日益提高,汽車(chē)的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力與日俱增,城市機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)的保有量正迅猛地增長(zhǎng)。數(shù)量龐大的車(chē)輛猶如移動(dòng)的散熱器,散發(fā)出的大量熱量嚴(yán)重影響著城市街谷下墊面的熱環(huán)境。街道是人和車(chē)輛最為集中的區(qū)域,兩者的距離、高度均較接近,此時(shí)車(chē)輛的排熱最能直接地影響到行人的熱舒適性。因此,研究街谷中車(chē)輛對(duì)熱環(huán)境的影響具有重要意義。本文以廣州城市道路及車(chē)輛作為主要研究對(duì)象,采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的研究手法,全面地了解和評(píng)價(jià)了街谷中車(chē)輛對(duì)熱環(huán)境的影響。主要研究了以下內(nèi)容: 首先,在廣州城市道路實(shí)地調(diào)研了交通高峰期時(shí)段車(chē)流量、車(chē)型等方面的情況,并根據(jù)調(diào)研結(jié)果選取了研究實(shí)測(cè)的車(chē)型。 其次,進(jìn)行了實(shí)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)車(chē)體自身和周?chē)臒岘h(huán)境進(jìn)行了全面的測(cè)試,得到了車(chē)輛表面不同區(qū)域的表面溫度、車(chē)體周?chē)諝鉁囟取L(fēng)速風(fēng)向等方面的逐時(shí)變化情況。 第三,將實(shí)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)所采集的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)整理,著重分析了單體車(chē)輛散熱與周?chē)諝鉁囟茸兓年P(guān)系。另外,對(duì)車(chē)體表面溫度和周邊空氣溫度進(jìn)行了線(xiàn)性擬合,表明了兩者具有高度的相關(guān)性。 第四,在總結(jié)前人工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,以前期實(shí)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)作為依托,建立起三維物理模型,通過(guò)Fluent軟件對(duì)車(chē)輛周?chē)鸁岘h(huán)境進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,并對(duì)比分析了模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)測(cè)與模擬的結(jié)果較為吻合,確定了模擬結(jié)果能夠滿(mǎn)足工程精度的要求。 最后,,采用Fluent軟件對(duì)單體車(chē)輛、雙臺(tái)車(chē)輛、多臺(tái)車(chē)輛分別進(jìn)行不同主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向的模擬計(jì)算,并分析了在行人高度平面(1.5m高度平面)和機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)主要熱源高度平面(0.5m高度平面)的溫度變化情況。 根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)和模擬的研究結(jié)果,本文歸納提出了緩減車(chē)輛惡化街谷熱環(huán)境的可能性措施及優(yōu)化方法,為今后城市街谷熱環(huán)境優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考指引。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, people's living standard is improving day by day, the purchasing power of cars is increasing day by day, and the number of urban motor vehicles is increasing rapidly. A large number of vehicles, like moving radiators, emit a great deal of heat that seriously affects the thermal environment of the underside of the city valley. The street is the area where people and vehicles are most concentrated, and the distance and height of both are close. At this time, the heat discharge of vehicles can directly affect the thermal comfort of pedestrians. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of vehicles on the thermal environment in the street valley. Taking Guangzhou urban roads and vehicles as the main research object, this paper comprehensively understands and evaluates the influence of vehicles in the street valley on the thermal environment by the combination of field measurement and numerical simulation. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, the traffic flow and vehicle type during the rush hour are investigated in Guangzhou city road, and according to the research results, the actual vehicles are selected. Secondly, the experimental results are carried out, and the time-dependent variations of surface temperature, air temperature, wind speed and wind direction in different areas of the vehicle surface are obtained by means of a comprehensive test of the body itself and the surrounding thermal environment. Thirdly, the data collected from the experiment are classified and sorted, and the relationship between the heat dissipation of the single vehicle and the change of ambient air temperature is analyzed. In addition, the surface temperature of the car body and the ambient air temperature are fitted linearly, which shows that they have a high correlation. Fourthly, on the basis of summing up the previous work experience, a three-dimensional physical model is established based on the experimental results, and the thermal environment around the vehicle is simulated by Fluent software, and the simulation results and the measured results are compared and analyzed. It is found that the measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and the simulation results can meet the requirements of engineering accuracy. Finally, Fluent software is used to simulate the different dominant wind direction of single vehicle, double vehicle and many vehicles. The temperature variation in the pedestrian height plane (1.5m height plane) and the vehicle main heat source height plane (0.5m height plane) is analyzed. Based on the measured and simulated results, this paper summarizes the possible measures and optimization methods to mitigate the deterioration of the thermal environment in the street valley, which provides a reference for the optimization design of the thermal environment of the urban street valley in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:TU119.4

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