【摘要】：建筑日照因其對人們的健康和生活環(huán)境有著不可忽視的影響,而成為綠色建筑評價系統(tǒng)的重要指標(biāo)之一。隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),城市集約程度也日益增強(qiáng),建筑的日照條件限制著城市建設(shè)用地的高效利用和土地容積率的提高。怎樣使兩者之間達(dá)到平衡,是目前規(guī)劃師和建筑師必須考慮的問題。 目前的眾多日照分析軟件能對方案設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行模擬分析,但在規(guī)劃和建筑的方案設(shè)計(jì)階段指導(dǎo)意義比較欠缺。另一方面,隨著計(jì)算機(jī)輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)腳本語言或參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)工具的實(shí)驗(yàn)和案例大量涌現(xiàn),國內(nèi)外諸多院校都已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了大量生成設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)研究和實(shí)踐。基于生態(tài)性能的生成式設(shè)計(jì)試圖將建筑的生態(tài)性能分析與建筑的形式生成結(jié)合在一起,在計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助下尋求目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)。 本文針對建筑生態(tài)性能中的建筑日照問題,探討以日照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為約束條件的建筑形體生成方法。在梳理相關(guān)研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)建筑設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目中常見的三種日照遮擋問題,概括其基地的特點(diǎn)；整理出常見的三種典型單體建筑形體類型,提煉其形體的生成原理,并運(yùn)用Grasshopper編程創(chuàng)建參數(shù)化生成這幾種類型建筑的工具或模塊；在Rhino+Grasshopper的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)平臺上建立以Ecotect為日照分析基礎(chǔ),以遺傳算法和退火算法為優(yōu)化方法的計(jì)算機(jī)生成實(shí)驗(yàn)框架,并針對三種日照遮擋問題,分別對三種典型建筑形體進(jìn)行優(yōu)化生成實(shí)驗(yàn)。以圖表的形式記錄各個優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程,羅列實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的優(yōu)化形體,并總結(jié)各實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性和有效性。最后完成了在建筑師所熟悉并常用的建模平臺上建立一套以日照問題為約束的建筑形體生成方法。研究成果能為規(guī)劃師和建筑師提供指導(dǎo)和借鑒。 本文主要結(jié)構(gòu)： 第一章：緒論。介紹本課題的研究問題的緣起；明確研究的目標(biāo)——日照問題和建筑體形生成方法,并對現(xiàn)有的相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行整理；提出研究的具體目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和意義。 第二章：計(jì)算機(jī)生成實(shí)驗(yàn)介紹。在Rhino的Grasshopper平臺上針對特定日照問題的解決方法和具體實(shí)驗(yàn)流程和環(huán)節(jié)。 第三章～第五章：日照限定下的建筑形體生成實(shí)驗(yàn)。針對三種日照問題,分別用三種生成方法進(jìn)行生成實(shí)驗(yàn),并總結(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)的可行性有效性和適用情況。 第六章：總結(jié)與展望。對本課題的研究進(jìn)行總結(jié),提出研究中的貢獻(xiàn)與不足,并對后續(xù)研究進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:Building sunshine has become one of the important indexes of green building evaluation system because of its impacts on people's health and living environment. With the continuous progress of urbanization, the degree of urban intensification is also increasing. The sunshine conditions of buildings restrict the efficient use of urban construction land and the improvement of land volume ratio. To achieve a balance between them is a problem that planners and architects must consider.
At present, many sunlight analysis softwares can simulate and analyze the results of project design, but they are lack of guidance in the stage of planning and building design. On the other hand, with the continuous development of computer-aided architectural design technology, a large number of experiments and cases using computer scripting language or parametric design tools have emerged. Many colleges and universities at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research and Practice on generative design. The generative design based on ecological performance tries to combine the ecological performance analysis of buildings with the form generation of buildings, and seeks the goal design with the help of computers.
In this paper, aiming at the problem of building sunshine in building ecological performance, the method of building shape generation with sunshine standard as constraint condition is discussed. On the basis of combing related research status, three common sunshine shielding problems in architectural design projects are summarized, and the characteristics of the base are summarized. Three typical types of single building shapes are sorted out. A parametric design platform based on Rhino+Grasshopper is developed to build a computer-generated experimental framework with Ecotect as the basis of sunshine analysis and genetic algorithm and annealing algorithm as the optimization method. In this paper, three typical building shapes are optimized to generate experiments. The process of each optimization experiment is recorded in the form of charts, the optimized shapes are listed, and the feasibility and validity of each experiment are summarized. The research results can provide guidance and reference for planners and architects.
The main structure of this paper is:
Chapter 1: Introduction. Introduce the origin of the research problem of this subject; make clear the research objectives - Sunshine problem and building shape generation method, and collate the existing related research; put forward the specific objectives, content and significance of the study.
Chapter 2: Introduction of computer-generated experiments. Solutions to specific sunshine problems on Rhino's Grasshopper platform and specific experimental procedures and links.
Chapter 3 to Chapter 5: Building shape generation experiment under sunshine restriction. Three kinds of sunshine generation methods are used to generate experiment, and the feasibility, validity and applicability of the experiment are summarized.
Chapter 6: Summarize and prospect. Summarize the research of this subject, put forward the contribution and deficiency of the research, and prospect the follow-up research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU201.5;TU113.3

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