【摘要】：在世界各地的歷次強(qiáng)震中,剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)的連梁常遭到較嚴(yán)重的破壞,尋求受力和變形更理想的連梁結(jié)構(gòu)形式,成為剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)研究中亟待解決的問(wèn)題。連梁在地震作用中剪力均布,跨中彎矩最小,因此將連梁跨中截?cái)嗖荚O(shè)剪切型阻尼器,可使連梁變形集中于阻尼器,利用阻尼器消耗大量能量,保護(hù)墻肢和耗能連梁混凝土部分不產(chǎn)生較大破壞。 本文首先闡述了鋼混聯(lián)肢剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)的震害特點(diǎn)和改善的必要性與途徑；簡(jiǎn)要介紹了目前已有的剪力墻耗能連梁,說(shuō)明提出新型耗能連梁的意義與主要目的；介紹了常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)耗能阻尼器的原理、類(lèi)型和力學(xué)模型,根據(jù)本文的設(shè)計(jì)目的選用金屬阻尼器作為主要研究對(duì)象。 其次,總結(jié)了墻片對(duì)阻尼器提出的各項(xiàng)需求,采用定性定量方法對(duì)各需求分析推導(dǎo),提出設(shè)計(jì)措施和參數(shù)化需求表達(dá)式,從概念上指明了理解和分析該類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的思路,并對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用給出建議。其中一項(xiàng)重要需求為保證墻片的初始剛度,為詳細(xì)探討該類(lèi)阻尼器對(duì)墻片初始剛度的影響,文中分析了連梁剛度削弱程度與墻片剛度削弱程度的關(guān)系,闡述了影響因素和影響趨勢(shì),提出了工程設(shè)計(jì)中連梁剛度削弱程度的取值范圍。根據(jù)墻片對(duì)阻尼器的各項(xiàng)需求表達(dá)式,總結(jié)以金屬阻尼器雙線(xiàn)性力學(xué)模型參數(shù)為設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)的阻尼器設(shè)計(jì)流程,給出一例長(zhǎng)寬比為1：1的矩形截面軟鋼剪切板阻尼器的設(shè)計(jì)算例。 第三,介紹了幾種可行的耗能連梁剪力墻彈塑性數(shù)值模擬方法,以ABAQUS、 SAP2000、SeismoStruct軟件為平臺(tái),通過(guò)分層殼單元、連接單元、普通殼單元、纖維模型的組合,解決耗能連梁細(xì)部建模與計(jì)算效率的矛盾,通過(guò)結(jié)果的對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了方法的精確性,比較各方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用范圍,根據(jù)本文研究對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)選用合適的建模方法。 第四,以?xún)善p肢剪力墻為結(jié)構(gòu)原型,根據(jù)文中提出的設(shè)計(jì)流程設(shè)計(jì)連梁跨中截?cái)嘈妥枘崞?采用前文所述建模方法對(duì)安裝阻尼器前后的兩墻片做靜力推覆與低周往復(fù)模擬分析,對(duì)分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,得出結(jié)論：安裝阻尼器后結(jié)構(gòu)延性明顯增大,剛度與承載力削弱不大,破壞模式為阻尼器先于連梁和墻肢屈服,整體變形模式不發(fā)生變化,結(jié)構(gòu)的滯回曲線(xiàn)更飽滿(mǎn),阻尼器耗能占結(jié)構(gòu)總耗能的40%以上,為結(jié)構(gòu)附加的阻尼比達(dá)到5%左右。需要注意的是使用本文設(shè)計(jì)方法時(shí),應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)流程中提出的原結(jié)構(gòu)的先決條件,即原結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞模式為連粱先于墻肢屈服,因?yàn)閺哪M的結(jié)果來(lái)看,連梁先于墻肢屈服的墻片,安裝阻尼器后的效果明顯好于墻肢先于連梁屈服的墻片�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),安裝阻尼器后結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能更優(yōu)越,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。 最后選取了一幢典型的鋼筋混凝土框架-雙肢剪力墻高層結(jié)構(gòu),應(yīng)用本文提出的阻尼器參數(shù)計(jì)算方法設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的耗能阻尼器,并采用文中推薦的模擬方法對(duì)兩類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行彈塑性時(shí)程反應(yīng)分析。經(jīng)研究表明依據(jù)本文方法設(shè)計(jì)的阻尼器,可在預(yù)設(shè)目標(biāo)下確保耗能結(jié)構(gòu)的安全及初始剛度,同時(shí)能有效降低結(jié)構(gòu)地震能量的輸入,改善結(jié)構(gòu)連梁與墻肢塑性鉸的分布與發(fā)展,從而改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)的耗能模式。上述分析進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了連梁截?cái)嗍阶枘崞髟O(shè)計(jì)方法的合理性,為可恢復(fù)聯(lián)肢剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)體系的研究與工程應(yīng)用提供一種新的思路。
[Abstract]:In the past strong earthquakes all over the world, the coupling beams of shear wall structures are often severely damaged. It is an urgent problem in the research of shear wall structures to find a more ideal coupling beam structure for stress and deformation. The deformation of the coupling beam can be concentrated on the damper, which consumes a lot of energy and protects the concrete part of the wall leg and the coupling beam.
In this paper, the characteristics of seismic damage of steel-concrete coupled-leg shear wall structures and the necessity and ways to improve them are firstly expounded; the existing energy dissipation coupling beams of shear walls are briefly introduced, and the significance and main purpose of putting forward new energy dissipation coupling beams are explained; the principle, types and mechanical models of common passive energy dissipation dampers are introduced, according to the design of this paper. Objective to select metal damper as the main object of study.
Secondly, the requirements of the dampers are summarized. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to analyze and deduce the requirements. The design measures and parameterized demand expressions are put forward. The idea of understanding and analyzing this kind of structure is pointed out from the concept, and the suggestions for design and application are given. One of the important requirements is to ensure the initial stiffness of the dampers. The influence of this kind of damper on the initial stiffness of the wall is discussed in detail. The relationship between the weakening degree of the coupling beam stiffness and the weakening degree of the wall stiffness is analyzed, the influencing factors and the influencing trend are expounded, and the range of the weakening degree of the coupling beam stiffness in engineering design is proposed. The design flow of the damper with the bilinear mechanical model parameters as the design objective is given. A design example of a rectangular section shear plate damper with a ratio of length to width of 1:1 is given.
Thirdly, several feasible numerical simulation methods of energy dissipation coupling beam shear wall are introduced. Based on ABAQUS, SAP2000 and Seismo Struct software, the contradiction between detailed modeling and calculation efficiency of energy dissipation coupling beam is solved by combining layered shell element, connecting element, common shell element and fiber model. The precision of the method is verified by comparing the results. Confirmation, compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the scope of application, select the appropriate modeling method according to the characteristics of the research object.
Fourthly, taking two double-leg shear walls as the structural prototype, according to the design process proposed in this paper, a truncated damper is designed. The static pushing and low-cycle reciprocating simulation of the two walls before and after the damper is installed are carried out by using the modeling method mentioned above. The analysis results are compared and the conclusion is drawn that the ductility of the structure after the damper is installed. The failure mode is that the damper yields before the connecting beam and the wall, the overall deformation mode does not change, the hysteretic curve of the structure is more full, the energy consumption of the damper accounts for more than 40% of the total energy consumption of the structure, and the additional damping ratio of the structure is about 5%. The precondition of the original structure proposed in the design process is that the failure mode of the original structure is that the coupling beam yields before the wall leg, because from the simulation results, the effect of the coupling beam yielding before the wall leg is obviously better than that of the coupling beam yielding after the installation of dampers. It is superior and achieves the expected design goal.
Finally, a typical reinforced concrete frame-double-leg shear wall high-rise structure is selected, and the corresponding energy dissipation dampers are designed by using the method proposed in this paper, and the elastic-plastic time-history response analysis of the two types of structures is carried out by using the simulation method recommended in this paper. It can ensure the safety and initial stiffness of the energy-dissipating structure under the preset target, reduce the input of seismic energy effectively, improve the distribution and development of the plastic hinge between the connecting beam and the wall leg, and thus improve the energy-dissipating mode of the structure. It provides a new way of thinking for research and engineering application of shear wall structure system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU352.11;TU375

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