自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及路基中應(yīng)用的試驗(yàn)研究及機(jī)理分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 13:02
【摘要】：中國是一個(gè)以煤炭為主要能源的發(fā)展中國家,在一次性能源消耗中,煤炭占70%以上,并且在今后相當(dāng)長的一段時(shí)期內(nèi),中國的能源結(jié)構(gòu)仍將不會(huì)改變。人民在享受著煤炭作為能源所帶來的利益的同時(shí),也正遭受著煤矸石自燃、堆放以及煤矸石山潰塌等所帶來的空氣污染、水體污染、占用耕地,甚至導(dǎo)致人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)損失等問題的困擾。 本著“物盡其用、就地取材”的原則,論文以自燃煤矸石具有活性及巖性為主線,從基于煤矸石物化性能、自燃煤矸石活化機(jī)理、自燃煤矸石水泥活性混合材料、自燃煤矸石輕集料混凝土、自燃煤矸石地質(zhì)聚合材料、自燃煤矸石固土材料幾個(gè)方面闡述煤矸石在建材領(lǐng)域綜合利用的理論問題與應(yīng)用技術(shù)問題,力求全方位、立體化應(yīng)用煤矸石。論文主要研究以下幾方面內(nèi)容： (1)通過對(duì)自燃煤矸石基本性質(zhì)的試驗(yàn),了解遼寧省阜新礦區(qū)自燃煤矸石的物理化學(xué)特性、礦物組成及力學(xué)特性,從而確定自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及路基中資源化利用的可能性。 (2)采用機(jī)械激活、化學(xué)激活相結(jié)合的復(fù)合方法對(duì)自燃煤矸石進(jìn)行活性激發(fā)�；谡辉囼�(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法,探討利用阜新礦區(qū)自燃煤矸石制備自燃煤矸石硅酸鹽水泥的可行性并給出最佳配合比范圍及具體制備方法。 (3)利用自燃煤矸石為主要原材料生產(chǎn)21世紀(jì)的綠色膠凝材料—地質(zhì)聚合物,為煤矸石的綜合利用提供新的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。主要研究堿激發(fā)劑配體對(duì)地質(zhì)聚合物性能的激發(fā)作用,通過試驗(yàn)及數(shù)理分析優(yōu)化自燃煤矸石-礦渣-粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物配合比,并驗(yàn)證其膠砂強(qiáng)度等水泥的主要技術(shù)性質(zhì)指標(biāo)的可靠性。 (4)采用人工級(jí)配自燃煤矸砂及煤矸石,以自燃煤矸石硅酸鹽水泥作為膠凝材料,基于輕集料混凝土配合比設(shè)計(jì)方法,分別配制不同強(qiáng)度等級(jí)的自燃煤矸石粗-細(xì)集料的混凝土。并與普通硅酸鹽水泥配制的自燃煤矸石集料混凝土進(jìn)行工作性、強(qiáng)度等對(duì)比,探討并分析煤矸石集料配制的混凝土工作特性和力學(xué)性能,研究了大摻量煤矸石在混凝土中應(yīng)用的可行性。 (5)通過石灰-粉煤灰-水泥改良自燃煤矸石混合料作為路基材料,使其成為規(guī)模化消納煤矸石的有效技術(shù)途徑。首先通過對(duì)石灰-粉煤灰改良自燃煤矸石混合料的配合比設(shè)計(jì)、飽水無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度、擊實(shí)特性等研究,分析了二灰穩(wěn)定自燃煤矸石混合料作為路基材料的可能性及強(qiáng)度形成機(jī)理�？紤]二灰穩(wěn)定的煤矸石混合料不能很好滿足北方地區(qū)的抗凍要求。通過不同摻量水泥的對(duì)比試驗(yàn),研究“三灰”穩(wěn)定自燃煤矸石混合料耐久性性最佳配合比,為工程應(yīng)用提供了參考,并進(jìn)行機(jī)理分析。 (6)利用有限元分析計(jì)算方法,在FLAC3D軟件平臺(tái)上,模擬研究不同車載作用下,煤矸石路基沉降變形、塑性區(qū)分布、應(yīng)力分布等特征的變化規(guī)律,以此綜合分析煤矸石路基的可靠性。 得出以下幾點(diǎn)主要結(jié)論： (1)自燃煤矸石的“質(zhì)”—富含氧化硅和氧化鋁以及“量”—大宗性,使自燃煤矸石與建筑材料在“質(zhì)”和“量”具有雙重近似性,從而決定了自燃煤矸石在水泥、混凝土及固土材料中資源化是實(shí)現(xiàn)煤矸石規(guī)模化高附加值利用最為有效的技術(shù)途徑。 (2)自燃煤矸石在混凝土和路基材料中應(yīng)用是可行的。但由于材質(zhì)特性,存在級(jí)配缺陷,需要破碎篩選后才能滿足顆粒級(jí)配要求；煤矸石與一般的碎石相比,其水穩(wěn)性較差；通過探討自燃煤矸石CBR值的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知紅矸石和灰矸石均能滿足路用材料的強(qiáng)度要求。 (3)對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明煤矸石的活性遠(yuǎn)高于普通的人工砂,細(xì)度對(duì)試塊強(qiáng)度的影響最大。阜新礦區(qū)自燃煤矸石通過機(jī)械和化學(xué)的激活,可以作為活性混合材料制備煤矸石硅酸鹽水泥,當(dāng)自燃煤矸石：礦渣：石膏：普通硅酸鹽水泥為25：10：3：62時(shí),自燃煤矸石硅酸鹽水泥的強(qiáng)度達(dá)到最大。 (4)自燃煤矸石-礦渣-粉煤灰地質(zhì)聚合物最佳配體：種類為水玻璃和氫氧化鉀,比例為1：1。通過二次響應(yīng)曲面試驗(yàn)及回歸分析,確定了水玻璃模數(shù)和激發(fā)劑摻量與膠砂強(qiáng)度之間的定量關(guān)系。水玻璃模數(shù)中最優(yōu)為1.0；激發(fā)劑摻量最優(yōu)為22.6%(占膠凝材料)。 (5)將自燃煤矸石硅酸鹽水泥、顆粒級(jí)配良好的自燃煤矸石粗細(xì)集料制備自燃煤矸全集料混凝土,證明了大摻量自燃煤矸石制備混凝土的可行性；通過對(duì)比試驗(yàn)及分析得到集料的配比存在“契合效應(yīng)”,使混凝土的強(qiáng)度得以提高。 (6)煤矸石路基混合料的無側(cè)限保水抗壓強(qiáng)度滿足規(guī)范要求,但強(qiáng)度較低不穩(wěn)定；當(dāng)水泥摻量達(dá)到3%時(shí),水泥改良二灰煤矸石混合料試件的抗凍效果最好。 (7)基于FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬,通過對(duì)沉降變形、應(yīng)力分布、塑性區(qū)分布的變化規(guī)律的分析,證明了水泥改良二灰煤矸石路基的優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:China is a developing country with coal as its main energy source. Coal accounts for more than 70% of primary energy consumption, and its energy structure will remain unchanged for a long time to come. The air pollution, water pollution, occupation of farmland, and even loss of life and property caused by the collapse of gangue hills.
In line with the principle of "make the best use of the material, get material locally", the paper takes the activity and lithology of spontaneous combustion coal gangue as the main line, from the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue, spontaneous combustion coal gangue activation mechanism, spontaneous combustion coal gangue cement active mixing material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue lightweight aggregate concrete, spontaneous combustion coal gangue geopolymer material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue soil-consolidation material several. This paper expounds the theoretical and applied technical problems of the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in the field of building materials, and strives to apply Coal Gangue in an all-round and three-dimensional way.
(1) By testing the basic properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the physical and chemical characteristics, mineral composition and mechanical properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in Fuxin mining area of Liaoning Province are understood, so as to determine the possibility of utilization of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in cement, concrete and roadbed.
(2) Activation of spontaneous combustion gangue was carried out by the combination of mechanical activation and chemical activation. Based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the feasibility of preparing spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement from spontaneous combustion gangue in Fuxin mining area was discussed, and the optimum mix ratio range and specific preparation method were given.
(3) Using spontaneous combustion gangue as the main raw material to produce the green cementitious material-geopolymer in the 21st century, which provides a new application field for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. This paper mainly studies the excitation effect of alkali activator ligand on the properties of geopolymer, and optimizes the geopolymer of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly ash by experiment and mathematical analysis. The reliability of main technical properties of cement such as mortar strength is verified by mixing ratio.
(4) Coal gangue coarse-fine aggregate concrete with different strength grades is prepared by using artificial graded spontaneous combustion gangue and coal gangue, using spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement as cementing material and based on the mix proportion design method of lightweight aggregate concrete. The working characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete made of coal gangue aggregate are discussed and analyzed, and the feasibility of applying large amount of coal gangue in concrete is studied.
(5) By using lime-fly ash-cement modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture as roadbed material, making it an effective technical approach to large-scale absorption of coal gangue. Firstly, through the lime-fly ash modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture mix proportion design, water-saturated unconfined compressive strength, compaction characteristics and other research, analysis of lime-fly ash stabilized spontaneous combustion coal. The possibility and strength forming mechanism of gangue mixture as roadbed material are discussed.Considering the stability of fly ash and gangue mixture can not satisfy the frost resistance requirement of the north area very well.Through the contrast test of different cement content,the optimum durability ratio of the mixture is studied,which provides a reference for engineering application. And carry out mechanism analysis.
(6) Based on the FLAC3D software platform, the finite element analysis method is used to simulate and study the variation law of settlement deformation, plastic zone distribution, stress distribution and other characteristics of coal gangue subgrade under different vehicle loads, so as to comprehensively analyze the reliability of coal gangue subgrade.
The following conclusions are drawn:
(1) The "quality" - rich in silicon oxide and alumina, and "quantity" - of spontaneous combustion gangue make the "quality" and "quantity" of spontaneous combustion gangue and building materials have double approximation, which determines that the resourcefulness of spontaneous combustion gangue in cement, concrete and soil-fixing materials is the best way to realize large-scale high value-added utilization of coal gangue. Effective technical approaches.
(2) The application of spontaneous combustion gangue in concrete and subgrade materials is feasible. However, due to the material properties and gradation defects, it is necessary to break and screen the gangue to meet the requirement of particle gradation; the water stability of coal gangue is worse than that of common macadam; the CBR value of spontaneous combustion gangue is tested to show that both red gangue and lime gangue can be used. Meet the strength requirements of road materials.
(3) Contrast tests show that the activity of coal gangue is much higher than that of common artificial sand, and the fineness has the greatest influence on the strength of the test block.Fuxin spontaneous combustion coal gangue can be used as an active mixture material to prepare coal gangue Portland cement through mechanical and chemical activation, when spontaneous combustion coal gangue: slag: gypsum: ordinary Portland cement is 25:10:3. At 62, the strength of self ignite gangue Portland cement reached the maximum.
(4) The optimum ligands of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly Ash Geopolymer are sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 1:1. The quantitative relationship between the modulus of sodium silicate and the amount of activator and the strength of mortar is determined by quadratic response surface test and regression analysis. 6% (accounting for cementitious materials).
(5) The self-ignited coal gangue Portland cement with fine and coarse aggregate with good particle gradation is used to prepare the self-ignited coal gangue concrete, which proves the feasibility of using large amount of self-ignited coal gangue to prepare concrete.
(6) The unconfined water-holding and compressive strength of coal gangue roadbed mixture meets the requirements of the code, but the strength is low and unstable; when the cement content reaches 3%, the frost-resistant effect of cement modified fly ash coal gangue mixture is the best.
(7) Based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, through the analysis of settlement deformation, stress distribution and plastic zone distribution, the superiority of cement to improve lime-fly ash gangue subgrade is proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X752;TU52
本文編號(hào)：2224356
[Abstract]:China is a developing country with coal as its main energy source. Coal accounts for more than 70% of primary energy consumption, and its energy structure will remain unchanged for a long time to come. The air pollution, water pollution, occupation of farmland, and even loss of life and property caused by the collapse of gangue hills.
In line with the principle of "make the best use of the material, get material locally", the paper takes the activity and lithology of spontaneous combustion coal gangue as the main line, from the physical and chemical properties of coal gangue, spontaneous combustion coal gangue activation mechanism, spontaneous combustion coal gangue cement active mixing material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue lightweight aggregate concrete, spontaneous combustion coal gangue geopolymer material, spontaneous combustion coal gangue soil-consolidation material several. This paper expounds the theoretical and applied technical problems of the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in the field of building materials, and strives to apply Coal Gangue in an all-round and three-dimensional way.
(1) By testing the basic properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue, the physical and chemical characteristics, mineral composition and mechanical properties of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in Fuxin mining area of Liaoning Province are understood, so as to determine the possibility of utilization of spontaneous combustion coal gangue in cement, concrete and roadbed.
(2) Activation of spontaneous combustion gangue was carried out by the combination of mechanical activation and chemical activation. Based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the feasibility of preparing spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement from spontaneous combustion gangue in Fuxin mining area was discussed, and the optimum mix ratio range and specific preparation method were given.
(3) Using spontaneous combustion gangue as the main raw material to produce the green cementitious material-geopolymer in the 21st century, which provides a new application field for the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue. This paper mainly studies the excitation effect of alkali activator ligand on the properties of geopolymer, and optimizes the geopolymer of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly ash by experiment and mathematical analysis. The reliability of main technical properties of cement such as mortar strength is verified by mixing ratio.
(4) Coal gangue coarse-fine aggregate concrete with different strength grades is prepared by using artificial graded spontaneous combustion gangue and coal gangue, using spontaneous combustion gangue Portland cement as cementing material and based on the mix proportion design method of lightweight aggregate concrete. The working characteristics and mechanical properties of concrete made of coal gangue aggregate are discussed and analyzed, and the feasibility of applying large amount of coal gangue in concrete is studied.
(5) By using lime-fly ash-cement modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture as roadbed material, making it an effective technical approach to large-scale absorption of coal gangue. Firstly, through the lime-fly ash modified spontaneous combustion gangue mixture mix proportion design, water-saturated unconfined compressive strength, compaction characteristics and other research, analysis of lime-fly ash stabilized spontaneous combustion coal. The possibility and strength forming mechanism of gangue mixture as roadbed material are discussed.Considering the stability of fly ash and gangue mixture can not satisfy the frost resistance requirement of the north area very well.Through the contrast test of different cement content,the optimum durability ratio of the mixture is studied,which provides a reference for engineering application. And carry out mechanism analysis.
(6) Based on the FLAC3D software platform, the finite element analysis method is used to simulate and study the variation law of settlement deformation, plastic zone distribution, stress distribution and other characteristics of coal gangue subgrade under different vehicle loads, so as to comprehensively analyze the reliability of coal gangue subgrade.
The following conclusions are drawn:
(1) The "quality" - rich in silicon oxide and alumina, and "quantity" - of spontaneous combustion gangue make the "quality" and "quantity" of spontaneous combustion gangue and building materials have double approximation, which determines that the resourcefulness of spontaneous combustion gangue in cement, concrete and soil-fixing materials is the best way to realize large-scale high value-added utilization of coal gangue. Effective technical approaches.
(2) The application of spontaneous combustion gangue in concrete and subgrade materials is feasible. However, due to the material properties and gradation defects, it is necessary to break and screen the gangue to meet the requirement of particle gradation; the water stability of coal gangue is worse than that of common macadam; the CBR value of spontaneous combustion gangue is tested to show that both red gangue and lime gangue can be used. Meet the strength requirements of road materials.
(3) Contrast tests show that the activity of coal gangue is much higher than that of common artificial sand, and the fineness has the greatest influence on the strength of the test block.Fuxin spontaneous combustion coal gangue can be used as an active mixture material to prepare coal gangue Portland cement through mechanical and chemical activation, when spontaneous combustion coal gangue: slag: gypsum: ordinary Portland cement is 25:10:3. At 62, the strength of self ignite gangue Portland cement reached the maximum.
(4) The optimum ligands of spontaneous combustion gangue-slag-fly Ash Geopolymer are sodium silicate and potassium hydroxide in the ratio of 1:1. The quantitative relationship between the modulus of sodium silicate and the amount of activator and the strength of mortar is determined by quadratic response surface test and regression analysis. 6% (accounting for cementitious materials).
(5) The self-ignited coal gangue Portland cement with fine and coarse aggregate with good particle gradation is used to prepare the self-ignited coal gangue concrete, which proves the feasibility of using large amount of self-ignited coal gangue to prepare concrete.
(6) The unconfined water-holding and compressive strength of coal gangue roadbed mixture meets the requirements of the code, but the strength is low and unstable; when the cement content reaches 3%, the frost-resistant effect of cement modified fly ash coal gangue mixture is the best.
(7) Based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, through the analysis of settlement deformation, stress distribution and plastic zone distribution, the superiority of cement to improve lime-fly ash gangue subgrade is proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X752;TU52
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