氣候變化對天津市建筑采暖和制冷能耗的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 09:04
【摘要】：天津市作為我國北方經(jīng)濟(jì)中心,城市化發(fā)展程度高,政府對環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)約能源、改善居住條件等問題十分重視,不斷推進(jìn)和加強對建筑節(jié)能的管理力度。隨經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長,天津市建筑能源消耗總量持續(xù)增加,同時能源安全問題也日趨嚴(yán)峻,特別是建筑極端能耗的出現(xiàn)勢必會對節(jié)能工作以及建筑設(shè)備運行造成威脅。研究氣候變化對建筑能耗的影響可以為能源規(guī)劃、能源戰(zhàn)略的制定以及能源消費的預(yù)測提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 根據(jù)天津市1961—2009年氣溫、風(fēng)速、太陽輻射通量等氣候資料,利用TRNSYS能耗模擬軟件獲得辦公、商業(yè)和民宅三種典型建筑類型采暖和制冷能耗,采用常規(guī)統(tǒng)計、Mann Kendal1檢驗以及多元回歸等分析方法,研究能耗及極端能耗日數(shù)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展情況以及氣候變化對舒適度、建筑能耗和極端能耗日數(shù)的影響。結(jié)果表明： (1)1961—2009年天津市采暖期和空調(diào)期的平均氣溫、最低、最高氣溫以及濕球溫度均呈上升趨勢,風(fēng)速、日照時數(shù)、地面太陽輻射等均呈下降趨勢。氣候要素的突變時間集中在80年代末和90年代初。 (2)1961—2009年天津市低溫日數(shù)顯著下降,而高溫日數(shù)整體變化不大,采暖期極冷不舒適日數(shù)、空調(diào)期熱不舒適日數(shù)均呈顯著下降趨勢,與同期平均氣溫之間存在顯著性相關(guān),且不舒適氣候的隨機(jī)性呈增多趨勢。 (3)天津市辦公、商業(yè)和民宅建筑采暖能耗均呈顯著下降趨勢,而制冷能耗無顯著變化；突變點集中于80年代末,制冷能耗突變時間晚于采暖能耗。建筑采暖能耗受多種氣象要素的影響,其中平均氣溫影響最大；7、8月制冷能耗主要受氣溫的影響,而6、9月制冷能耗則受空氣溫、濕度的共同影響。 (4)天津市不同類型建筑采暖和制冷極端能耗日數(shù)均呈下降趨勢,其中采暖極端能耗日數(shù)下降趨勢顯著,下降速率為3.5d/10a左右。采暖期和空調(diào)期過渡月份的極端能耗日數(shù)出現(xiàn)較少,兩個時期極端能耗對總能耗的影響減少,其中采暖極端能耗對總能耗的貢獻(xiàn)率下降趨勢明顯,約4%/10a左右。 (5)天津市采暖和制冷極端能耗日數(shù)與高低溫日數(shù)以及不舒適日數(shù)均具有良好的相關(guān)性。采暖極端能耗日數(shù)主要受氣溫的影響,而制冷極端能耗日數(shù)除受氣溫的影響外,還與濕度和風(fēng)速變化有關(guān)。因此,在采暖期和空調(diào)期需要結(jié)合不同氣候影響因子在設(shè)計和運行兩方面考慮建筑設(shè)備運行安全和節(jié)能減排。
[Abstract]:As the economic center of northern China, Tianjin has a high degree of urbanization. The government attaches great importance to environmental protection, energy conservation, improvement of living conditions, and constantly promotes and strengthens the management of building energy conservation. With the growth of economy, the total energy consumption of buildings in Tianjin continues to increase, and the energy security problem is becoming more and more serious. Especially, the emergence of extreme energy consumption in buildings is bound to pose a threat to energy conservation work and the operation of construction equipment. The research on the influence of climate change on building energy consumption can provide scientific basis for energy planning, energy strategy formulation and energy consumption prediction. Based on the climatic data of temperature, wind speed and solar radiation flux in Tianjin during 1961-2009, the heating and cooling energy consumption of three typical building types, office, commercial and residential buildings, was obtained by using TRNSYS energy consumption simulation software. The occurrence and development of energy consumption and extreme energy consumption days and the influence of climate change on comfort, building energy consumption and extreme energy consumption days were studied by means of statistical Kendal1 test and multivariate regression analysis. The results are as follows: (1) the average air temperature, the lowest temperature, the highest temperature and the wet bulb temperature in the heating and air conditioning periods of Tianjin from 1961 to 2009 all showed an upward trend, while the wind speed, sunshine hours and surface solar radiation all showed a downward trend. The abrupt change time of climatic elements was concentrated in the late 1980s and early 1990s. (2) the number of days of low temperature decreased significantly in Tianjin from 1961 to 2009, but the total number of days of high temperature did not change as a whole. The number of thermal uncomfortable days in air conditioning period showed a significant downward trend, and there was a significant correlation with the mean temperature in the same period, and the randomness of the uncomfortable climate was increasing. (3) Tianjin office, The heating energy consumption of commercial and residential buildings decreased significantly, but the energy consumption of refrigeration did not change significantly, and the abrupt point was concentrated at the end of 1980s, and the sudden change time of refrigeration energy consumption was later than that of heating energy consumption. The energy consumption of building heating is affected by many meteorological factors, of which the average temperature is the biggest, the energy consumption of refrigeration in August is mainly affected by temperature, and the energy consumption of refrigeration in June and September is affected by air temperature. (4) the number of extreme energy consumption days of heating and refrigeration in different types of buildings in Tianjin showed a downward trend, in which the extreme energy consumption days of heating decreased significantly, and the decreasing rate was about 3.5d/10a. The number of extreme energy consumption days in the transition months of heating period and air conditioning period was less, and the influence of extreme energy consumption on total energy consumption was reduced in the two periods, and the contribution rate of heating extreme energy consumption to total energy consumption decreased obviously. About 4 / 10 a. (5) the days of extreme energy consumption of heating and refrigeration in Tianjin have a good correlation with the days of high and low temperature and the number of uncomfortable days. The heating extreme energy consumption days are mainly affected by the temperature, while the refrigeration extreme energy consumption days are related to the changes of humidity and wind speed in addition to the temperature. Therefore, in the heating period and air conditioning period, it is necessary to consider the operational safety and energy saving and emission reduction of building equipment in both design and operation in combination with different climate impact factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU119;TU83
本文編號：2200304
[Abstract]:As the economic center of northern China, Tianjin has a high degree of urbanization. The government attaches great importance to environmental protection, energy conservation, improvement of living conditions, and constantly promotes and strengthens the management of building energy conservation. With the growth of economy, the total energy consumption of buildings in Tianjin continues to increase, and the energy security problem is becoming more and more serious. Especially, the emergence of extreme energy consumption in buildings is bound to pose a threat to energy conservation work and the operation of construction equipment. The research on the influence of climate change on building energy consumption can provide scientific basis for energy planning, energy strategy formulation and energy consumption prediction. Based on the climatic data of temperature, wind speed and solar radiation flux in Tianjin during 1961-2009, the heating and cooling energy consumption of three typical building types, office, commercial and residential buildings, was obtained by using TRNSYS energy consumption simulation software. The occurrence and development of energy consumption and extreme energy consumption days and the influence of climate change on comfort, building energy consumption and extreme energy consumption days were studied by means of statistical Kendal1 test and multivariate regression analysis. The results are as follows: (1) the average air temperature, the lowest temperature, the highest temperature and the wet bulb temperature in the heating and air conditioning periods of Tianjin from 1961 to 2009 all showed an upward trend, while the wind speed, sunshine hours and surface solar radiation all showed a downward trend. The abrupt change time of climatic elements was concentrated in the late 1980s and early 1990s. (2) the number of days of low temperature decreased significantly in Tianjin from 1961 to 2009, but the total number of days of high temperature did not change as a whole. The number of thermal uncomfortable days in air conditioning period showed a significant downward trend, and there was a significant correlation with the mean temperature in the same period, and the randomness of the uncomfortable climate was increasing. (3) Tianjin office, The heating energy consumption of commercial and residential buildings decreased significantly, but the energy consumption of refrigeration did not change significantly, and the abrupt point was concentrated at the end of 1980s, and the sudden change time of refrigeration energy consumption was later than that of heating energy consumption. The energy consumption of building heating is affected by many meteorological factors, of which the average temperature is the biggest, the energy consumption of refrigeration in August is mainly affected by temperature, and the energy consumption of refrigeration in June and September is affected by air temperature. (4) the number of extreme energy consumption days of heating and refrigeration in different types of buildings in Tianjin showed a downward trend, in which the extreme energy consumption days of heating decreased significantly, and the decreasing rate was about 3.5d/10a. The number of extreme energy consumption days in the transition months of heating period and air conditioning period was less, and the influence of extreme energy consumption on total energy consumption was reduced in the two periods, and the contribution rate of heating extreme energy consumption to total energy consumption decreased obviously. About 4 / 10 a. (5) the days of extreme energy consumption of heating and refrigeration in Tianjin have a good correlation with the days of high and low temperature and the number of uncomfortable days. The heating extreme energy consumption days are mainly affected by the temperature, while the refrigeration extreme energy consumption days are related to the changes of humidity and wind speed in addition to the temperature. Therefore, in the heating period and air conditioning period, it is necessary to consider the operational safety and energy saving and emission reduction of building equipment in both design and operation in combination with different climate impact factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU119;TU83
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