【摘要】：筒倉作為糧食存儲的主要工具，在糧食存儲領域發(fā)揮著重要作用。自從20世紀中期引入我國就得到越來越廣泛的應用。然而，我國的鋼筒倉在很多方面還不夠成熟，尚待深入研究。 本文首先按照既定卸料方式開展了一個雙壁鋼筒倉的卸料試驗，通過對試驗現(xiàn)象的觀察與分析，得出各卸料方式的卸料特點和卸料原理；其次，對試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行研究分析，得出了各方式卸料過程中筒倉內(nèi)壁的側(cè)壓力分布形式以及動態(tài)特性；再次，進行偏心卸料荷載加載方式以及ANSYS仿真分析的研究，通過對比實測與理論計算數(shù)值，驗證加載方案的準確性，通過分析ANSYS分析結(jié)果，研究各荷載方式作用下筒倉的整體受力性能；最后，分析總結(jié)試驗結(jié)果、ANSYS仿真分析結(jié)果以及課題組前期的相關研究成果，針對筒倉模型在各種典型荷載單獨作用下的簡化設計進行研究。 通過以上研究，本文主要得出以下結(jié)論： (1)各對稱卸料完成后倉內(nèi)殘留的儲料形體按其特有方式對稱；各偏心卸料完成后倉內(nèi)殘留的儲料形體亦各有其非對稱形式。 (2)筒倉卸料是以“承壓拱”的形成到破壞為一個周期，循環(huán)往復，直至整個卸料完成；同時，卸料的過程包含整體流動和管狀流動，整體流動和管狀流動的交界處是容易出現(xiàn)動態(tài)特性的地方。 (3)對稱卸料過程中任意時刻同一高度測點所受壓強值相差不大；偏心卸料則有較大差異。不論對稱還是偏心卸料，本文雙壁筒倉模型內(nèi)壁受壓區(qū)側(cè)壓力分布沿高度均基本呈線性規(guī)律。 (4)雙壁筒倉在卸料開始時刻未出現(xiàn)明顯側(cè)壓力動態(tài)特性，，卸料過程中出現(xiàn)一定的動態(tài)特性。綜合考慮整體趨勢以及局部振蕩，偏心卸料過程動態(tài)特性比對稱卸料過程明顯，點卸料、線卸料、面卸料動態(tài)特性依次增強。 (5)本文提出的偏心卸料荷載加載方式具有一定的可靠性，此加載方案在計算點偏心卸料、線偏心卸料、面偏心卸料的偏心卸料荷載時可靠性依次遞增。 (6)偏心荷載作用下內(nèi)、外板的最大應力較對稱荷載作用均有一定的提升，增幅不超過25%。點、線、面偏心卸料方式在最不利時刻荷載作用下內(nèi)、外板的應力依次增大。 (7)本文提出的雙壁筒倉簡化設計方法具有一定的可靠性，但與有限元仿真分析結(jié)果存在一定誤差，結(jié)果偏于安全。 本文受國家自然科學基金（51008067）、江蘇省六大人才高峰資助項目（2010-JZ-007）、住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設部科學技術(shù)計劃項目（2011-K1-68）的資助，在此表示誠摯的感謝。
[Abstract]:Silo, as the main tool of grain storage, plays an important role in the field of grain storage. Since the introduction of China in the middle of the 20 th century, it has been used more and more widely. However, the steel silo in our country is not mature enough in many aspects and needs further study. In this paper, the unloading test of a double-wall steel silo is first carried out according to the established discharge mode. Through the observation and analysis of the test phenomenon, the discharge characteristics and unloading principle of each discharge mode are obtained. Secondly, the test data are studied and analyzed. The lateral pressure distribution and dynamic characteristics of the silo's inner wall in the process of unloading are obtained. Thirdly, the eccentric unloading load loading mode and ANSYS simulation analysis are studied, and the numerical values are calculated by comparing the actual measurement and the theoretical calculation. To verify the accuracy of the loading scheme, through the analysis of the results of ANSYS analysis, the overall mechanical performance of silo under various loading modes is studied. Finally, the test results are summarized and the results of simulation analysis and related research results of the research group are summarized. The simplified design of silo model under various typical loads is studied. Through the above research, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the residual material storage body in the warehouse after the completion of each symmetrical discharge is symmetrical according to its unique mode; After the completion of each eccentric discharge, there are also asymmetric forms of the residual materials stored in the silo. (2) the silo unloading takes the formation of a "pressurized arch" to the destruction as a cycle, circulates until the whole discharge is completed; at the same time, The process of discharging consists of integral flow and tubular flow, and the junction of integral flow and tubular flow is where the dynamic characteristics are easy to occur. (3) the pressure values at the same height at any time in the process of symmetrical discharge are not different from each other; Eccentric discharge is quite different. No matter symmetrical or eccentric discharge, the lateral pressure distribution along the inner wall of the double-walled silo model is basically linear along the height. (4) there is no obvious lateral pressure dynamic characteristic at the beginning of discharge. There are some dynamic characteristics in discharging process. Considering the overall trend and local oscillation, the dynamic characteristics of eccentric discharge process are more obvious than that of symmetrical unloading process. The dynamic characteristics of surface unloading are enhanced in turn. (5) the eccentric unloading load loading method proposed in this paper has certain reliability. The reliability of eccentricity unloading load increases in turn. (6) under eccentric load, the maximum stress of the outer plate is increased to a certain extent than that of symmetrical load, and the increase is not more than 25%. Under the most unfavorable load, the stress of the outer plate increases in turn. (7) the simplified design method of double wall silo presented in this paper has certain reliability. However, there is a certain error with the result of finite element simulation analysis, and the result is more safety. This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51008067), the six Top talents funding Program (2010-JZ-007) of Jiangsu Province and the Science and Technology Project (2011-K1-68) of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction (2011-K1-68).
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU249.2;TU391

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