建筑布局對嚴寒地區(qū)城市廣場風環(huán)境的影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 15:49
【摘要】：對于室外公共空間環(huán)境的設計，設計師們往往把焦點都集中于總平面的布局設計、功能分區(qū)、交通流線以及景觀設計等等方面，而很少注重室外熱環(huán)境的設計，沒有針對室外環(huán)境中的人體熱舒適感覺進行分析和研究。而對于一個城市廣場空間，尤其是嚴寒地區(qū)的城市廣場，室外熱環(huán)境直接決定了人們在廣場中的停留時間，，決定了廣場的利用率，從而決定著一個城市廣場設計的好壞。熱環(huán)境包括溫度、濕度、日照、風等因素，本文主要研究的是城市廣場風環(huán)境。風環(huán)境是城市廣場熱環(huán)境的重要構成因素之一，風也是人們可以直觀感受到的物理現象，不同速度的風會給人帶來不同的感受。夏季如果有風吹過，人們會感到涼爽宜人；而冬季如果風速太大，則會使人感到更加寒冷，不愿意在室外長時間活動和停留。如果不能對城市廣場風環(huán)境有一個很好的預測，會導致在季節(jié)性盛行風風速較大的時候，廣場局部空間出現比較惡劣的風環(huán)境。 本文首先對城市廣場風環(huán)境的基礎理論進行了概述，從建筑單體的角度分析了建筑周圍風環(huán)境的基本分布情況，包括氣流與建筑相遇受到建筑阻擋后的流動狀態(tài)和建筑單體的三維尺度對風環(huán)境的影響，分析了建筑間距對于建筑組群風環(huán)境的影響，重點對建筑布局方面對于城市廣場風環(huán)境的影響因素進行了分析概括，分析了廣場風環(huán)境對于人的舒適度和行為的影響，并對室外風環(huán)境的評估標準進行了闡述和比較。接下來對模擬軟件Fluent進行了簡要的介紹，在第三章中重點嚴寒地區(qū)的矩形城市廣場在不同布局模式下的風環(huán)境進行了模擬分析，采用單一變量因素分析法對城市廣場圍合建筑不同的三維尺寸、不同的開口尺寸和不同布局模式下的風環(huán)境進行了預測與分析。最后從城市總體規(guī)劃、圍合建筑與街道的關系、建筑基本布局模式和建筑群體開口設計方面提出了嚴寒地區(qū)矩形城市廣場風環(huán)境的優(yōu)化策略，并選取了哈爾濱一座典型的城市廣場進行了風環(huán)境優(yōu)化，提出了八種新的圍合建筑布局模式，對每一種模式下的風環(huán)境進行了模擬和分析，最終在其中選出了最優(yōu)方案和最差方案。 本文通過軟件模擬將嚴寒地區(qū)矩形城市廣場的風環(huán)境狀況用圖形直觀地展現出來，希望可以給設計師們在進行嚴寒地區(qū)城市廣場設計時提供一定的參考，使城市廣場不僅具有良好的空間視覺感受，也可以有比較好的風環(huán)境感受。
[Abstract]:For the design of outdoor public space environment, designers tend to focus on the general layout design, functional zoning, traffic streamline and landscape design, etc., but pay little attention to the design of outdoor thermal environment. There is no analysis and research on human thermal comfort in outdoor environment. For a city square space, especially the city square in the cold area, the outdoor thermal environment directly determines the stay time in the square, determines the utilization rate of the square, and determines the design of a city square. The thermal environment includes temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind and so on. Wind environment is one of the important factors of urban square thermal environment, wind is also a physical phenomenon that people can directly feel, different speed of wind will bring people different feelings. When the wind blows through the summer, people feel cool and pleasant; in winter, if the wind is too strong, it makes people feel colder and less willing to stay outside for long periods of time. If there is not a good prediction of the urban square wind environment, it will lead to a relatively bad wind environment in the local space of the square when the seasonal prevailing wind speed is large. In this paper, the basic theory of urban square wind environment is summarized, and the basic distribution of wind environment around the building is analyzed from the angle of building monomer. Including the flow state of the air flow and the influence of the three-dimensional scale of the building monomer on the wind environment, the influence of the space between the buildings on the wind environment of the building group is analyzed. The influence factors of urban square wind environment in architectural layout are analyzed and summarized, the influence of square wind environment on people's comfort and behavior is analyzed, and the evaluation criteria of outdoor wind environment are expounded and compared. Then the simulation software Fluent is introduced briefly. In the third chapter, the wind environment of the rectangular city square in the key cold area is simulated and analyzed in different layout modes. The single variable factor analysis method is used to predict and analyze the wind environment under different three-dimensional dimensions, different opening dimensions and different layout modes of the enclosed buildings in urban square. Finally, from the aspects of urban master planning, the relationship between surrounding buildings and streets, the basic layout model of buildings and the design of architectural group openings, the optimization strategy of wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is put forward. A typical city square in Harbin is selected to optimize the wind environment, and eight new layout models of enclosed buildings are proposed, and the wind environment under each model is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the best scheme and the worst scheme were selected. In this paper, the wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is visualized by software simulation, and it is hoped that it can provide some reference for designers in the design of city square in cold area. The city square not only has the good space vision feeling, but also has the better wind environment feeling.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU119
本文編號：2174575
[Abstract]:For the design of outdoor public space environment, designers tend to focus on the general layout design, functional zoning, traffic streamline and landscape design, etc., but pay little attention to the design of outdoor thermal environment. There is no analysis and research on human thermal comfort in outdoor environment. For a city square space, especially the city square in the cold area, the outdoor thermal environment directly determines the stay time in the square, determines the utilization rate of the square, and determines the design of a city square. The thermal environment includes temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind and so on. Wind environment is one of the important factors of urban square thermal environment, wind is also a physical phenomenon that people can directly feel, different speed of wind will bring people different feelings. When the wind blows through the summer, people feel cool and pleasant; in winter, if the wind is too strong, it makes people feel colder and less willing to stay outside for long periods of time. If there is not a good prediction of the urban square wind environment, it will lead to a relatively bad wind environment in the local space of the square when the seasonal prevailing wind speed is large. In this paper, the basic theory of urban square wind environment is summarized, and the basic distribution of wind environment around the building is analyzed from the angle of building monomer. Including the flow state of the air flow and the influence of the three-dimensional scale of the building monomer on the wind environment, the influence of the space between the buildings on the wind environment of the building group is analyzed. The influence factors of urban square wind environment in architectural layout are analyzed and summarized, the influence of square wind environment on people's comfort and behavior is analyzed, and the evaluation criteria of outdoor wind environment are expounded and compared. Then the simulation software Fluent is introduced briefly. In the third chapter, the wind environment of the rectangular city square in the key cold area is simulated and analyzed in different layout modes. The single variable factor analysis method is used to predict and analyze the wind environment under different three-dimensional dimensions, different opening dimensions and different layout modes of the enclosed buildings in urban square. Finally, from the aspects of urban master planning, the relationship between surrounding buildings and streets, the basic layout model of buildings and the design of architectural group openings, the optimization strategy of wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is put forward. A typical city square in Harbin is selected to optimize the wind environment, and eight new layout models of enclosed buildings are proposed, and the wind environment under each model is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the best scheme and the worst scheme were selected. In this paper, the wind environment of rectangular city square in severe cold area is visualized by software simulation, and it is hoped that it can provide some reference for designers in the design of city square in cold area. The city square not only has the good space vision feeling, but also has the better wind environment feeling.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU119
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