【摘要】：城市化改變了場(chǎng)地的下墊面條件，進(jìn)而改變了天然狀態(tài)下的水文機(jī)制，導(dǎo)致水環(huán)境惡化、內(nèi)澇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加劇、徑流污染嚴(yán)重、雨水資源流失等問題凸現(xiàn)。傳統(tǒng)的雨水排放模式已不能滿足目前城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需求，以“近自然、多功能”為核心理念的降雨徑流最佳管理措施（Best Management Practices，BMPs）和城市低影響開發(fā)（Low ImpactDevelopment，LID）正展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢(shì)。針對(duì)目前我國(guó)在雨水管理措施設(shè)計(jì)上的欠缺，我們需要借鑒國(guó)外的先進(jìn)理念和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)城市發(fā)展的詳實(shí)情況，完善、細(xì)化和系統(tǒng)化現(xiàn)有的雨水管理體系，并以實(shí)際案例進(jìn)行試點(diǎn)研究。 LID是以維持或恢復(fù)場(chǎng)地天然狀態(tài)下的水文機(jī)制為目標(biāo)，而有效控制城市降雨徑流和保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。研究LID措施的設(shè)計(jì)并模擬其效能，對(duì)解決我國(guó)城市洪澇災(zāi)害和生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，促進(jìn)和維護(hù)場(chǎng)地水文過程的良性循環(huán)具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。 本研究以目前我國(guó)初具雛形的雨水管理措施設(shè)計(jì)模式為大綱，以兩個(gè)核心——雨洪模型和LID措施為基礎(chǔ)，以北京建筑大學(xué)西城校區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，進(jìn)行LID措施的設(shè)計(jì)及效能的模擬研究。 首先，建立研究區(qū)域的現(xiàn)狀模型，初選LID措施，定量識(shí)別所選措施的截污減排效能、經(jīng)濟(jì)效能和利用效益，并進(jìn)行量化評(píng)價(jià)，并建立效能識(shí)別方法和評(píng)價(jià)體系。①在區(qū)域調(diào)研、典型LID措施參數(shù)整理、氣象數(shù)據(jù)收集、水質(zhì)水量實(shí)測(cè)等基礎(chǔ)上，采用SWMM建立西城校區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀模型，并進(jìn)行率定和驗(yàn)證；②初選適合西城校區(qū)的LID措施，，利用所建模型模擬所選LID措施的水質(zhì)水量削減效果，并采用層次分析法定量識(shí)別所選LID措施的截污減排效能；③總結(jié)所選LID措施的基建費(fèi)和管理維護(hù)費(fèi)，結(jié)合措施設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模分析所選LID措施的成本投資，定性總結(jié)LID措施的運(yùn)行效果，并采用ahp定量識(shí)別所選LID措施的經(jīng)濟(jì)效能；④總結(jié)所選LID措施的利用效益，并采用ahp定量識(shí)別；⑤采用加權(quán)求和法量化評(píng)價(jià)所選LID措施的綜合效能；⑥以截污減排效能、經(jīng)濟(jì)效能和利用效益為基礎(chǔ)，建立LID措施的效能識(shí)別方法和綜合效能的評(píng)價(jià)體系。 然后，設(shè)計(jì)LID措施的建造方案，并進(jìn)行方案評(píng)價(jià)，建立方案評(píng)價(jià)體系。①選擇綜合效能值高的LID措施進(jìn)行方案設(shè)計(jì)；②采用SWMM模擬各種設(shè)計(jì)方案的截污減排效能；③根據(jù)所選LID措施識(shí)別后的效能值，推算設(shè)計(jì)方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)效能和利用效益；④采用線性歸一化模型計(jì)算各種設(shè)計(jì)方案的綜合效能；⑤建立設(shè)計(jì)方案的評(píng)價(jià)體系。 其次，以深圳市光明新區(qū)低影響開發(fā)雨水綜合利用示范區(qū)為案例研究區(qū)，旨在驗(yàn)證建立的效能識(shí)別方法、效能評(píng)價(jià)體系和方案優(yōu)化體系的適用性，并為示范區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)出成本-效益最優(yōu)化方案，推動(dòng)LID先進(jìn)理念的應(yīng)用和普及。主要工作包括：①調(diào)研示范區(qū)，建立現(xiàn)狀模型，并結(jié)合示范區(qū)場(chǎng)地條件、示范項(xiàng)目考核指標(biāo)和LID措施的使用特征初選LID措施；②利用建立的效能識(shí)別方法識(shí)別所選LID措施的效能，其中的截污減排效能采用Mike-Urban模擬得出；③利用建立的綜合效能的評(píng)價(jià)體系分析所選LID措施的效能，并量化評(píng)價(jià)；④選擇綜合效能值高的LID措施進(jìn)行方案設(shè)計(jì)，并利用建立的方案評(píng)價(jià)體系優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案；⑤根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，給出成本-效益最優(yōu)化方案和最經(jīng)濟(jì)適用的方案；⑥分析示范區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)了LID方案后帶來的環(huán)境效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 最后，進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié)。①比較傳統(tǒng)開發(fā)模式和LID模式的效能；②比較LID模式優(yōu)化前后的效能；③研究LID措施對(duì)不同降雨特征的響應(yīng)情況。 本研究在學(xué)習(xí)和吸收國(guó)外先進(jìn)LID雨水管理措施的基礎(chǔ)上，深入研究了LID措施的設(shè)計(jì)，并在效能模擬的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)的效能識(shí)別方法、效能評(píng)價(jià)體系和方案優(yōu)化體系。本研究完善了我國(guó)城市雨水管理體系，研究結(jié)果對(duì)解決我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程中的雨水管理問題具有理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the demand of sustainable development in our country , we need to learn from the advanced ideas and practical experiences from abroad , perfect , refine and systematize the existing rainwater management system , and carry out the pilot study with practical cases .

In order to maintain or restore the hydrological regime in the natural state of the site and to effectively control the urban rainfall runoff and protect the ecological environment , this paper studies the design of the lid measures and simulates its effectiveness . It has important theoretical significance and practical value to solve the problems of flood and waterlogging and ecological environment in our country , promote and maintain the virtuous circle of the field hydrological process .

Based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , this study is based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , and studies the design and effectiveness of the lid measures based on the west - city campus of Beijing Architecture University .

First , establish the current model of the research area , select the lid measure , quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of the selected measures , carry out quantitative evaluation , and establish the efficiency identification method and the evaluation system .
( 2 ) selecting suitable lid measures suitable for the west city campus area , simulating the water quality water quantity reduction effect of the selected lid measures by using the built model , and using the analytic hierarchy process to quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency of the selected lid measures ;
( 3 ) To sum up the capital construction fee and management maintenance fee of the selected lid measure , analyze the cost investment of the selected lid measures by combining the design scale of the measures , and qualitatively summarize the operation effect of the lid measure , and adopt ahp to quantitatively identify the economic performance of the selected lid measures ;
( 4 ) summarizing the utilization benefit of the selected lid measures , and using ahp quantitative identification ;
( 5 ) carrying out quantitative evaluation on the comprehensive performance of the selected lid measures by adopting a weighted summation method ;
( 6 ) To establish the efficiency identification method and comprehensive performance evaluation system based on the efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of pollution reduction and emission reduction .

Then , the scheme of scheme evaluation is designed , and the scheme evaluation system is established .
( 2 ) adopting SWMM to simulate the pollution reduction and emission reduction performance of various design schemes ;
( 3 ) calculating the economic efficiency and the utilization benefit of the design scheme according to the performance value identified by the selected lid measure ;
( 4 ) adopting a linear normalization model to calculate the comprehensive performance of various design schemes ;
( 5 ) Establish the evaluation system of the design scheme .

Secondly , based on the low - impact development rainwater comprehensive utilization demonstration area of Shenzhen Guangming New Area as the case study area , it is designed to verify the applicability of the established efficiency identification method , the efficiency evaluation system and the scheme optimization system , and design the cost - benefit optimization scheme for the demonstration area to promote the application and popularization of the advanced idea of the lid . The main work includes : ( 1 ) the research demonstration area , the establishment of the current situation model , and the combination of the demonstration area site conditions , the demonstration project appraisal index and the use characteristic of the lid measures ;
( 2 ) using the established performance identification method to identify the effectiveness of the selected lid measures , wherein the sewage interception and emission reduction efficiency is calculated by Mike - Urban simulation ;
( 3 ) analyzing the effectiveness of the selected lid measures by utilizing the established comprehensive performance evaluation system , and quantifying the evaluation ;
( 4 ) selecting the lid measures with high comprehensive performance value to design the scheme , and utilizing the established scheme evaluation system to optimize the design scheme ;
( 5 ) Based on the evaluation results , the cost - benefit optimization scheme and the most economical scheme are given ;
6 . The environmental benefits , economic benefits and social benefits brought about by the design of the lid scheme in the demonstration area are analyzed .

Finally , summarize and sum up . ( 1 ) Compare the traditional development mode and the efficiency of lid mode ;
( 2 ) comparing the efficiency before and after the optimization of the lid mode ;
( 3 ) To study the response of lid measures to different rainfall characteristics .

On the basis of studying and absorbing the management measures of advanced lid rain water in foreign countries , the paper further studies the design of lid measures , and based on the performance simulation , establishes a strong practicability recognition method , a performance evaluation system and a scheme optimization system . The research has improved the urban rainwater management system in China . The research results have theoretical significance and practical value for solving the problem of rainwater management in China ' s urbanization process .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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本文編號(hào)：2138759