本文選題：公眾聚集場所 + 火災風險　； 參考：《湖南大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，我國的城市化發(fā)展非常迅速，這也導致了現在很多城市的人口數量和建筑密度都很大。作為城市的主要建筑場所——公眾聚集場所，它的空間巨大，可燃物多，功能多樣，人員基數多且群體復雜，潛在危險源多，如果發(fā)生火災，而在相關的消防管理和應急處置方面救援不當，，將會演變成一場嚴重的災難，后果影響范圍極大。當今，我們身邊也發(fā)生著各種各樣的火災事故，那么應該怎樣對公眾聚集場所進行科學、合理的火災風險評估，為火災的預防與控制提供有效的依據，對這個問題的探討是一個有意義的方向。 本文通過對大量公眾聚集場所充分調查與分析，尋找對公眾聚集場所的火災產生影響的因素，建立火災風險評估指標體系，確定各指標的權重并將其進行定量化，最終構建起火災風險評估的數學模型，對公眾聚集場所進行量化評估，得出消防安全評估結論，從而根據公眾聚集場所的特點提出科學、合理、可行的控制對策。本文的研究內容如下： （1）建立適用于公共聚集場所的火災安全性評估方法。在研究大量先關的資料基礎之上，總結目前的公眾聚集場所火災風險評價的研究現狀，以此作為本問的研究路線，貫穿全文。 （2）建立公眾聚集場所火災風險評估指標的體系。對公眾聚集場所火災風險管理現狀進行分析，從問題出發(fā)，尋找風險評估的影響因素與作用機理，構建公眾聚集場所的評估指標體系。 （3）構建公眾聚集場所火災風險評估的數學模型，并進行實例分析。在公眾聚集場所火災風險評估指標體系的基礎上，建立風險評估的數學模型，通過對專家評語的模糊評價與證據化處理，確定風險評估等級。同時，以常德市鼎城區(qū)橋南大市場特大火災事故調研和分析所獲的數據和資料為基礎，結合本文所構建的指標及模型進行實例演算與分析，從而驗證本文提出的風險評估方法的可行性與合理性。 （4）通過管理的創(chuàng)新，完善公眾聚集場所火災風險的控制對策。通過從制度、監(jiān)督模式、加強中介機構的參與性等不同角度來補充對策的完整性，最終為公共聚集場所的消防安全管理提供參考和依據。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has developed very rapidly, which has led to the population and building density of many cities are very large. As the main building site of the city, the public gathering place, it has a huge space, many combustible materials, various functions, a large number of people and a complex group, and there are many potential hazards, if there is a fire, However, improper rescue in related fire management and emergency management will turn into a serious disaster, and the consequences will have a great impact. Nowadays, there are a variety of fire accidents around us, so how to carry out scientific and reasonable fire risk assessment in public gathering places to provide effective basis for fire prevention and control, The discussion of this problem is a meaningful direction. Through the investigation and analysis of a large number of public gathering places, this paper finds out the factors that affect the fire in the public gathering places, and establishes the fire risk assessment index system. Finally, the mathematical model of fire risk assessment is constructed, and the quantitative evaluation of public gathering place is carried out, and the conclusion of fire safety assessment is obtained, which is scientific according to the characteristics of public gathering place. Reasonable and feasible control countermeasures. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) establishing a fire safety assessment method for public gathering places. On the basis of studying a large number of related data, this paper summarizes the present research status of fire risk assessment in public gathering sites, which is taken as the research route of this question and runs through the full text. 2) establishing the fire risk assessment index system of public gathering sites. Based on the analysis of the present situation of fire risk management in public gathering places, this paper tries to find out the influencing factors and mechanism of risk assessment from the point of view of the problems. The mathematical model of fire risk assessment in public gathering place is constructed, and an example is analyzed. Based on the index system of fire risk assessment in public gathering place, the mathematical model of risk assessment is established, and the grade of risk assessment is determined by fuzzy evaluation and evidential treatment of expert evaluation. At the same time, based on the data and data obtained from the investigation and analysis of the catastrophic fire accident in Qiongnan Market in Dingcheng District, Changde City, combined with the indexes and models constructed in this paper, the examples are calculated and analyzed. Therefore, the feasibility and rationality of the risk assessment method proposed in this paper are verified. 4) through the innovation of management, the control countermeasures of fire risk in public gathering place are improved. The integrality of the countermeasures can be supplemented from different angles such as system, supervision mode, and the participation of intermediary organizations, so as to provide a reference and basis for the fire safety management of public gathering places.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU998.1

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本文編號：2009454