本文選題：混凝投藥 + 改進差分進化算法　； 參考：《華南理工大學》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：城市供水水處理系統(tǒng)作為一個城市的生活基礎設施，其供水質量關系到居民的身體健康，混凝沉淀和過濾作為水處理系統(tǒng)的關鍵工序，其中水的混凝效果及濾池工況既決定出水質量還影響制水成本。因此，對水處理系統(tǒng)建模，控制與運行優(yōu)化進行深入研究,在保證供水質量安全的同時盡可能降低能耗是十分有意義的研究課題。 在相關科研項目的支持和廣東某水廠的協(xié)助配合下，對水處理系統(tǒng)的建模、控制與運行優(yōu)化進行了四方面的研究，主要研究內容和取得成果如下： 1．對混凝投藥進行了建模研究，建立了三種不同結構的數(shù)學模型。 針對目前國內絕大部分水廠投藥量由人工經驗確定的不足，建立了一種簡化適用的投藥指數(shù)模型，提出了一種改進的差分進化算法，并用該算法來辨識指數(shù)模型中的參數(shù)；結合現(xiàn)有水廠的實際投藥方法，，建立了一種投藥分段線性模型，該模型以源水濁度變化分區(qū)間，以源水濁度、源水流量為前饋量實現(xiàn)投藥粗調，以待濾水濁度為反饋量實現(xiàn)投藥細調；最后建立了一種性能較優(yōu)的神經網(wǎng)絡模型。各自的模型檢驗結果表明得到的三種模型較為準確，可利用其計算結果指導現(xiàn)場操作人員投藥，減少生產過程投藥的盲目性，確保了待濾水濁度的穩(wěn)定。 2．對混凝沉淀過程的控制算法進行了分析，研究了幾種控制算法并對其做了仿真分析。 針對對象模型不易獲取，提出了兩種改進的PID算法：基于改進差分辨識的PID(MDE-PID)和基于迭代反饋的二自由度PID(IFT-PID)。MDE-PID算法中采用了一種根據(jù)個體適應值優(yōu)劣來變異的改進策略，仿真結果表明該算法可以提高收斂速度和收斂精度。IFT-PID算法對迭代步長更新作了適當改進以確保獲得解的準確性，仿真結果表明該算法辨識得到解比其它傳統(tǒng)方法更優(yōu)。針對對象受擾因素多和大滯后特性，提出了兩種新的控制算法：基于Smith模型預估的雙控制器控制和基于迭代反饋的內模控制(IFT-IMC)。Smith模型預估的雙控制器方案將Smith的模型補償優(yōu)點和雙回路的獨立性控制優(yōu)點結合起來，并對跟蹤PI控制器進行非線性補償。仿真結果表明此算法具有較好的自適應能力和穩(wěn)定性，可實現(xiàn)對大滯后、干擾多的復雜系統(tǒng)的良好控制。IFT-IMC算法集合了內模控制魯棒性強和IFT自適應強的優(yōu)點，具有較好的自適應性和魯棒性，控制性能優(yōu)于IMC-PID和Smith-PID，可用于實現(xiàn)對此類難控系統(tǒng)的有效控制。 3．對濾池水頭損失和比沉積變化進行了實驗研究，建立了濾池水頭損失和比沉積兩種數(shù)學模型。 針對過濾過程中水頭損失不易求取和比沉積無法獲得的不足，建立了水頭損失數(shù)學模型和比沉積數(shù)學模型。首先根據(jù)實驗數(shù)據(jù)求取了不同濾層深度水頭損失值，給出了水頭損失隨濾層深度變化的指數(shù)關系式以及一種新的水頭損失與比沉積的定量關系式，求取了不同濾層深度比沉積。然后借助獲得的關系和現(xiàn)有文獻結果，給出了水頭損失和比沉積隨各種影響因素之間的關系式。最后借助獲取的水頭損失數(shù)據(jù)和比沉積數(shù)據(jù)，采用改進差分方法辨識各自模型參數(shù)，建立了水頭損失模型和比沉積模型，各自的模型檢驗結果表明，求得的兩種模型是準確的。借助兩種模型可以從水頭損失宏觀角度和比沉積微觀角度了解濾層堵塞情況，從而更好的設置過濾周期。 4．建立了最優(yōu)待濾水濁度數(shù)學模型，并對濾池過濾和反沖洗進行了運行優(yōu)化實驗研究。 從總能耗角度出發(fā)，給出了能耗最低時的最優(yōu)待濾水濁度具體表達式，采用回歸辨識法獲得了表達式中的未知參數(shù)，從而建立了最優(yōu)待濾水濁度數(shù)學模型，證明了現(xiàn)有研究成果中定性提出的最優(yōu)經濟濁度概念的存在性。分析了課題水廠濾池的目前運行工況，提出了兩種優(yōu)化實驗方案，并對濾池優(yōu)化前后的水頭損失做了對比分析，實驗結果表明，本文提出的優(yōu)化結論是合理的，實施該優(yōu)化方案，可以比較明顯地降低能耗，具有較好的經濟效益和社會效益。 最后在總結本文研究的基礎上，對水處理系統(tǒng)中建模與控制技術的今后發(fā)展及聯(lián)合優(yōu)化運行方面進行了展望。
[Abstract]:The urban water supply water treatment system is the living infrastructure of a city. The quality of water supply is related to the health of the residents. Coagulation and sedimentation and filtration are the key processes of the water treatment system. The coagulation effect of water and the working condition of the filter not only determine the quality of water, but also affect the production of water. Therefore, the modeling, control and transportation of the water treatment system are established. It is a very meaningful research topic to optimize the research and ensure that the quality and safety of water supply can be reduced as much as possible.
With the support of relevant scientific research projects and the assistance of a water plant in Guangdong, four aspects of the modeling, control and operation optimization of the water treatment system are studied. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
1. the modeling of coagulant dosage was studied, and three mathematical models with different structures were established.
In view of the shortage of artificial experience in the vast majority of water plants in China, a simplified and applicable drug index model is set up, an improved differential evolution algorithm is proposed, and the algorithm is used to identify the parameters in the index model, and a piecewise linear model is established by combining the actual dosing methods of the existing waterworks. The model takes the turbidity of the source water between the zoning, with the turbidity of the source water, the flow of water as the feedforward, and the fine tuning of the dosage for the feedback of the turbidity of the water. Finally, a neural network model with a better performance is established. The results of the respective model tests show that the three models are more accurate, and the results can be used to indicate the results. Guide the field operators to reduce the blindness in the production process and ensure the stability of the turbidity of the filtered water.
2. the control algorithm of coagulation sedimentation process is analyzed, several control algorithms are studied and simulated.
Two improved PID algorithms are proposed for the object model, which is based on the improved differential identification PID (MDE-PID) and the two degree of freedom (IFT-PID).MDE-PID algorithm based on iterative feedback. A modified strategy based on the individual adaptation value is adopted. The simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed and convergence. The precision.IFT-PID algorithm improves the iteration step update properly so as to ensure the accuracy of the solution. The simulation results show that the algorithm is better than the other traditional methods. Two new control algorithms are proposed for the multiple and large lag characteristics of the object disturbance: the dual controller control based on the Smith model and the superposition based on the superposition. The dual controller scheme of the generation feedback internal model control (IFT-IMC).Smith model predicts the advantages of the model compensation of Smith and the advantages of the dual loop independence control, and performs nonlinear compensation for the tracking PI controller. The simulation results show that the algorithm has good adaptive energy and stability, and can realize large lag and much interference. The good control.IFT-IMC algorithm of complex system combines the advantages of strong internal model control and IFT self-adaptive. It has good adaptability and robustness, and the control performance is better than IMC-PID and Smith-PID. It can be used to effectively control this kind of hard control system.
3. the experimental study on the head loss and the change of specific deposition of the filter has been carried out. Two mathematical models of head loss and specific deposition have been established.
A mathematical model of water head loss and a mathematical model of specific deposition are established to solve the problem that the head loss is not easy to be obtained and the specific deposition can not be obtained during the filtration process. First, the loss value of the water head of different filter layers is obtained according to the experimental data. The exponential relation formula of the head loss with the depth of the filter layer and a new head loss are given. The relationship between the water head loss and the specific deposition with various influence factors is given by means of the obtained relationship and the existing literature. Finally, the parameters of the model are identified by the improved difference method. The water head loss model and the specific sedimentation model have been established. The results of each model test show that the two models are accurate. With the help of the two models, the congestion of the filter layer can be understood from the macroscopic angle of the head loss and the microscopic angle of the deposition, thus the filtering period can be better set.
4. the mathematical model of turbidity of the optimal filter water was established, and the operation optimization experiment of filter filtration and backwashing was carried out.
From the point of view of the total energy consumption, the specific expression of the turbidity of the best treatment water for the lowest energy consumption is given. The unknown parameters in the expression are obtained by the regression identification method, thus the mathematical model of the turbidity of the best treatment water is established, and the existence of the concept of the optimal economic turbidity proposed in the existing research results is proved. Two optimization experimental schemes are proposed in the current operating condition of the filter, and the water head loss before and after the filter optimization is compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the optimization conclusion proposed in this paper is reasonable. The implementation of the optimization scheme can reduce the energy consumption obviously and have better economic and social benefits.
Finally, on the basis of summarizing the research in this paper, the future development and joint optimization operation of modeling and control technology in water treatment system are prospected.

【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2;TP273

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