本文選題：微污染有機物 + 膜生物反應器　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：飲用水的傳統(tǒng)處理技術（混凝-沉淀-過濾-消毒）由于存在流程復雜、占地面積大以及不能有效去除微污染水源水中微量難降解有機物等諸多問題，難以滿足新的飲用水水質標準要求。膜生物反應器（MBR）是一種高效的凈水處理技術，向MBR投加粉末活性炭（PAC）可強化處理微污染水源水，尤其是提高對水中難降解有機物的去除能力。但由于水源水質不同，MBR在實際應用中表現(xiàn)出較大的性能差異，因而有必要對MBR系統(tǒng)去除各類污染物的性能和原理進行深入研究，以更好的指導實際應用。 研究了MBR凈化微污染水源水的特性。結果表明，MBR污泥和附著污染層的UF膜對氨氮、NOM和部分微量難降解有機物去除貢獻較大，而曝氣吹脫主要去除揮發(fā)性有機物。對MBR運行方式優(yōu)化后，處理效果得到提升：對UV254、TOC的平均去除率均分別為53%和43%，對三氯乙烯、硝基苯、三氯酚的平均去除率均在63%以上。 為提高MBR對微污染有機物的去除效果，考察向反應器中投加粉末活性炭形成PAC-MBR組合工藝的凈水性能。粉末活性炭的投加方式分為單次投加和間隔多次投加，間隔投炭方式可穩(wěn)定均衡的提升MBR對污染物的去除效果。間隔投加10mg/L活性炭的PAC-MBR工藝70天連續(xù)運行數(shù)據(jù)顯示，組合工藝穩(wěn)定運行期間凈水性能良好，且顯著優(yōu)于MBR：對比未投炭MBR，組合工藝對UV254、TOC、氨氮的平均去除率分別提升27%、18%和41%；硝基苯和三氯酚平均去除率分別提升22%和21%。此外，投加PAC提高了組合工藝抗沖擊負荷能力，系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行期間各污染物出水濃度均達到相應水質標準。 同時考察了投加PAC對膜污染的影響。結果表明，投加PAC的系統(tǒng)膜清洗周期比單獨MBR系統(tǒng)延長了1.6倍，達8.75d。三維熒光光譜分析結果表明，PAC-MBR系統(tǒng)對酪氨酸類蛋白質、色氨酸類蛋白質、富里酸、可溶性生物代謝物和腐殖酸這五類有機物的去除率均高于MBR，并可去除MBR所不能去除的腐殖酸和富里酸，去除率分別達到44%和45%�；旌弦何勰嗔椒植硷@示，投加PAC后的污泥絮體平均粒徑增大56%，更不易堵塞到膜孔中。SEM微觀形貌觀察進一步證明，傳統(tǒng)MBR膜表面的污染層較為密實，基本無法分辨膜孔，而PAC-MBR系統(tǒng)的膜表面污染層較為疏松，膜孔清晰可辨。 研究了PAC-MBR系統(tǒng)中微污染有機物去除途徑。分析結果表明，，曝氣吹脫對三氯乙烯的去除貢獻最大，對三氯酚的去除能力較小，對硝基苯基本不能去除。粉末活性炭對硝基苯和三氯酚均有良好的吸附能力，吸附曲線分別符合準二級和準一級動力學方程，Langmuir模型預測的最大吸附容量分別為31.81mg/g和31.99mg/g。低進水量間歇式反應器法（FBR）測定不同污泥對硝基苯和三氯酚的最大比降解速率qmax證明，PAC-MBR污泥對微污染有機物的生物降解能力和抗沖擊負荷能力均強于MBR污泥。Langmuir模型預測活性污泥對硝基苯和三氯酚的最大吸附量分別為0.06mg/g和0.30mg/g。 通過對穩(wěn)定運行的PAC-MBR進行物料平衡計算表明，三氯乙烯可由吹脫作用較徹底地去除；硝基苯主要通過生物降解（去除率58%）和PAC吸附（去除率29%）去除，三氯酚主要通過生物降解（去除率75%）和曝氣吹脫（去除率16%）去除。
[Abstract]:The traditional treatment technology of drinking water (coagulating precipitation filtration disinfection) is difficult to meet the requirements of the new drinking water quality standard due to the complex process, large area of occupation and the inability to effectively remove the microbiodegradable organic matter in the micro polluted water. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a highly efficient water treatment technology, which is cast to MBR. The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) can strengthen the treatment of micro polluted water source water, especially to improve the ability to remove the refractory organic matter in water. However, because of the different water quality, the performance of MBR is different in practical application. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the performance and principle of removing all kinds of pollutants by MBR system in order to better guide it. Practical application.
The characteristics of MBR purification of micro polluted source water have been studied. The results show that the UF membrane of MBR sludge and the attached pollution layer contributes greatly to the removal of ammonia nitrogen, NOM and some microbiodegradable organic compounds, while aeration stripping mainly removes volatile organic compounds. After optimizing the operation mode of MBR, the treatment effect is improved: the average removal rates of UV254, TOC are both respectively. For 53% and 43%, the average removal rates of trichloroethylene, nitrobenzene and three chlorophenol were all above 63%.
In order to improve the effect of MBR on the removal of micro polluted organic matter, the water purification performance of PAC-MBR combination process was investigated by adding powder activated carbon into the reactor. The adding method of powdered activated carbon was divided into single dosage and interval dosing, and the interval cast method could steadily increase the removal effect of MBR on the pollutants. The activity of adding 10mg/L to the interval was added. The 70 day continuous operation data of the carbon PAC-MBR process showed that the water purification performance of the combined process was good during the stable operation and was significantly better than that of MBR: the average removal rate of UV254, TOC and ammonia nitrogen was raised by 27%, 18% and 41%, and the average removal rate of nitrobenzene and three chlorophenol was increased by 22% and 21%. respectively, and the PAC increased by PAC. The combined process has the ability to resist impact load, and the effluent concentration of each pollutant reaches the corresponding water quality standard during stable operation.
The effect of adding PAC on membrane fouling was also investigated. The results showed that the system membrane cleaning period of adding PAC was 1.6 times longer than that of the single MBR system. The results of 8.75d. three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis showed that the PAC-MBR system had five kinds of organic compounds such as tyrosine protein, tryptophan, fulvic acid, soluble biological metabolite and humic acid. The removal rate is higher than that of MBR, and the removal of humic acid and fulvic acid can not be removed by MBR. The particle size distribution of the mixed liquid sludge with the removal rate of 44% and 45%. respectively shows that the average particle size of the sludge floc increases by 56% after the addition of PAC, and it is not easy to block the.SEM micromorphology of the membrane pores to prove that the pollution layer on the surface of the traditional MBR membrane is more dense. It is impossible to distinguish membrane pores, while the surface of PAC-MBR system is loose and the pore is clear.
The removal of Micropolluted organic matter in PAC-MBR system has been studied. The results show that the removal of trichloroethylene by aeration is the greatest contribution to the removal of trichloroethylene, the removal of three chlorophenol is less, and the nitrobenzene can not be removed basically. The powdered activated carbon has a good adsorption capacity for nitrobenzene and three chlorophenol, and the adsorption curves are in accordance with the quasi two grade and the quasi one respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Langmuir model is 31.81mg/g and 31.99mg/g. low water intake batch reactor (FBR), respectively, to determine the maximum specific degradation rate Qmax of nitrobenzene and three chlorophenol in different sludge. The PAC-MBR sludge is stronger than MBR for the biodegradability and impact load of micro polluted organic matter. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated sludge for nitrobenzene and three chlorophenol was 0.06mg/g and 0.30mg/g. respectively by.Langmuir model.
The material balance calculation of stable running PAC-MBR shows that trichloroethylene can be removed thoroughly by blow off; nitrobenzene is removed mainly through biodegradation (removal rate 58%) and PAC adsorption (removal rate of 29%), and three chlorophenols are removed mainly through biodegradation (removal rate 75%) and aeration stripping (removal rate 16%).

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2

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