本文選題：中美 + 國(guó)家公園�。� 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國(guó)家公園作為一國(guó)為合理地保護(hù)和利用重要的生態(tài)自然資源和歷史文化遺產(chǎn)而設(shè)立的具有較大面積的陸地或海洋保護(hù)區(qū)域,除了資源保護(hù)之外,還有娛樂(lè)、富民等多種功能,是被實(shí)踐證明了的一種能夠在資源保護(hù)和利用方面實(shí)現(xiàn)雙贏的先進(jìn)管理制度。 改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),中國(guó)的國(guó)家公園事業(yè)也有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,初步建立了具有中國(guó)特色的國(guó)家公園體系并逐漸演變成了七種類(lèi)型：國(guó)家森林公園、國(guó)家自然保護(hù)區(qū)、國(guó)家地質(zhì)公園、國(guó)家礦山公園、國(guó)家濕地公園、國(guó)家水利風(fēng)景區(qū)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。但是我國(guó)在推行國(guó)家公園建設(shè)的過(guò)程中,尤其是在初期階段,由于管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立不規(guī)范、立法滯后、管理理念混亂等問(wèn)題,導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的國(guó)家公園管理體系還有許多值得改善之處。美國(guó)是國(guó)家公園管理制度成立的先鋒,建設(shè)的歷史時(shí)間長(zhǎng),實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)十分豐富,國(guó)家公園管理模式相對(duì)成熟,經(jīng)過(guò)一百多年的不斷努力,美國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了完整的國(guó)家公園管理體制,對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)家公園建設(shè)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很好的參照。 本文通過(guò)收集、整理現(xiàn)有相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料和比較分析的方法全面總結(jié)了中美國(guó)家公園體系發(fā)展概狀,并對(duì)比分析了中美國(guó)家公園在管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、經(jīng)營(yíng)體制、資金管理等方面的異同點(diǎn),提取了雙方在國(guó)家公園管理體制上的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)。研究認(rèn)為雖然美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理體制比較先進(jìn)、科學(xué)、完善,但由于我國(guó)基本國(guó)情、財(cái)政資金和綜合國(guó)力的限制,美國(guó)的垂直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體系并不適用于我國(guó),如果盲目擴(kuò)大垂直管理的范圍,不僅無(wú)法解決根本問(wèn)題,反而有可能降低國(guó)家公園的保護(hù)管理水平。 在借鑒美國(guó)的國(guó)家公園管理模式以及管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況,本文對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)家公園未來(lái)的發(fā)展提出了幾方面的建議：①堅(jiān)持“保護(hù)第一”的管理理念；②完善國(guó)家公園管理機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置；③建立國(guó)家公園特許經(jīng)營(yíng)制度；④創(chuàng)新資金籌措機(jī)制,加大貧困地區(qū)財(cái)政傾斜力度；⑤注意公眾參與。對(duì)于加強(qiáng)我國(guó)公園資源和環(huán)境的科學(xué)管理和保護(hù),推動(dòng)國(guó)家公園事業(yè)的持續(xù)、健康、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,帶動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人民生活水平的提高,具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:As a large area of land or marine protection area established by a country for the rational protection and utilization of important ecological natural resources and historical and cultural heritage, national parks also have a variety of functions, such as recreation, rich people and so on, in addition to the protection of resources.It is a kind of advanced management system which has been proved to be able to achieve win-win in the protection and utilization of resources.Since the reform and opening up, China has made great progress in the cause of national parks. It has initially established a national park system with Chinese characteristics and gradually evolved into seven types: national forest park, national nature reserve, national geopark,National Mine Park, National Wetland Park, National Water Conservancy Scenic spot and National key Scenic spot.However, in the process of implementing the construction of national parks in China, especially in the initial stage, due to the non-standard establishment of management agencies, the lagging of legislation, the confusion of management concepts, and so on,As a result, China's national park management system still has a lot to improve.The United States is the pioneer of the establishment of the national park management system. It has a long history of construction, rich practical experience, and relatively mature national park management model. After more than 100 years of continuous efforts,The United States has established a complete national park management system, which is a good reference for China's national park construction.This paper summarizes the development of the national park system in China and the United States by collecting, sorting out the relevant literature and analyzing the methods of comparative analysis, and compares and analyzes the setting up and management system of the national park in China and the United States.The similarities and differences of fund management, draw the successful experiences and lessons of both sides in the national park management system.Although the national park management system in the United States is relatively advanced, scientific and perfect, it is believed that the vertical leadership management system of the United States is not suitable for our country because of the basic conditions of our country, the limitation of financial funds and comprehensive national strength.If the scope of vertical management is expanded blindly, the fundamental problems can not be solved, but the level of protection and management of national parks may be reduced.On the basis of drawing lessons from the national park management model and management experience of the United States, combined with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward several suggestions on the future development of the national park in our country: 1) insisting on the management idea of "protecting first";(2) perfect the national park management organization and set up the national park franchising system to set up the innovative financing mechanism, and increase the financial inclination in the poverty-stricken areas and pay attention to the public participation.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen the scientific management and protection of our country's park resources and environment, to promote the sustained, healthy and coordinated development of the national park cause, and to promote the development of local economy and the improvement of people's living standard.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU986.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 武軍;風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)管理體制創(chuàng)新的幾種模式[J];長(zhǎng)江建設(shè);2003年06期

2 謝凝高;世界國(guó)家公園的發(fā)展和對(duì)我國(guó)風(fēng)景區(qū)的思考[J];城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè);1995年08期

3 仇保興;風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)利用要防止的誤區(qū)[J];城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè);2004年05期

4 李經(jīng)龍;張小林;鄭淑婧;;中國(guó)國(guó)家公園的旅游發(fā)展[J];地理與地理信息科學(xué);2007年02期

5 房仕鋼;;國(guó)內(nèi)外森林公園規(guī)劃建設(shè)的對(duì)比研究[J];防護(hù)林科技;2008年04期

6 Darid Simon;姚亦鋒;;新的公園:新的期望——美國(guó)國(guó)家公園管理局的國(guó)家公園規(guī)劃[J];廣東園林;1989年02期

7 趙燕菁;風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)管理體制的思考[J];規(guī)劃師;2001年01期

8 周常春,董武亮;近十年國(guó)內(nèi)休閑與游憩研究綜述[J];桂林旅游高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校學(xué)報(bào);2004年05期

9 文紅;李建華;;森林旅游生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)睦碚撍伎糩J];湖南林業(yè)科技;2007年06期

10 朱建安;風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)管理模式改革的研究:一個(gè)俱樂(lè)部產(chǎn)品模型[J];技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理研究;2004年05期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 陳謹(jǐn);論我國(guó)風(fēng)景資源管理體制——國(guó)家公園體系的建立[D];四川大學(xué);2003年

2 李如生;美國(guó)國(guó)家公園與中國(guó)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)比較研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

3 馬吉山;從國(guó)外國(guó)家公園制度看我國(guó)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的保護(hù)[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2006年

4 吳保光;美國(guó)國(guó)家公園體系的起源及其形成[D];廈門(mén)大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：1743527